دراسة تأثير عقار الفلوكستين Fluoxetineعلى عملية انغراس الكيس الارومي وبعض المعايير الكيموحيوية في مصل دم الجرذان البيض الحوامل

Study of the effect of fluoxetine on the process of implantation of the blastocyst and some biochemical parameters in the blood serum of pregnant

Abstract
Pregnant women may suffer from depression, so it is often recommended for them to use antidepressant drugs. Fluoxetine is one of the antidepressants of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class. The current study aimed to know the effect of fluoxetine on the process of implantation of the blastocyst and the external shape of the embryos at the end of pregnancy and some biochemical parameters in the serum of pregnant rats.
This study was conducted in the animal house of the Department of Life Sciences at the College of Education for Pure Sciences – University of Karbala for the period from October 10, 2021 to May 22, 2022, 42 white rats were used, of which ten males were for inoculation only, while 32 females were divided. Randomly to four groups, each group included eight females, the first group was considered the control group, where it was injected with physiological saline solution 0.9% inside the peritoneum throughout pregnancy, while the second group was injected with fluoxetine at a concentration of 2 mg / kg of body weight once a day since the beginning of pregnancy To the end of the experiment, the third group was injected with Fluoxetine at a concentration of 4.1 mg/kg of body weight from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of the experiment, while the fourth group was injected with Fluoxetine at a concentration of 6.2 mg/kg of body weight from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of the experiment.
Each group was divided into two subgroups, each of which included four pregnant females. The first group was sacrificed at the implantation period to know the implantation sites on day 7 of pregnancy and the second group on day 18 of pregnancy to know the effect of the drug on the fetuses. Blood was drawn from pregnant females on the day of sacrifice.
Blood samples were collected from pregnant females on days 7 and 18 of pregnancy to follow up on biochemical blood parameters, which included studying the concentration of progesterone, estrogen, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and AST. We obtained the following results:
Through the current study, the results of the sections colored with hematoxylin-eosin color taken from the implantation sites of female rats, the control group and the treatment group for the seventh day of pregnancy showed results similar to what is found in the normal pregnancy and with regard to the formation of the decidual tissue, as the decidual tissue is formed after the implantation process during the suspension stage, transforming cells into cells The spindle-shaped connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium adjacent to the embryos into multifaceted and densely packed cells. Four regions were distinguished in the decidual tissue, where the first region represented the primary decidual tissue, the second was the secondary decidual tissue, the undifferentiated region, and the fourth represented the implantation region.
Fluoxetine caused a number of gross malformations in fetuses of rats at the age of 18 days of gestation treated with fluoxetine at the dose of 4.1 and 6.2 mg/kg, which were represented by short forelimbs, smaller nostrils, bleeding in the head and tail, as well as short forelimbs and fetal death in utero.
Fluoxetine also caused a significant decrease (P<.0.05) in the mean weights of pregnant female rats treated with doses of 4.1 and 6.2 mg/kg and the number of their offspring and a decrease in the average weights of fetuses of pregnant rats treated with doses 2, 4.1 and 6.2 mg/kg at Birth.
A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentration of progesterone hormone for groups of pregnant female rats treated with the dose 4.1 and 6.2 mg/kg, and also a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentration of estrogen hormone for groups of pregnant female rats treated with the dose of 6.2 mg/kg. It also caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for groups treated with doses 2, 4.1 and 6.2 mg/kg, while a dose of 6.2 mg/kg caused an increase in ALT .The Conclusions of the study that Fluoxetine caused many gross abnormalities in the fetuses of rats at the age of 18 days of gestation, as well as contributed to the occurrence of many changes in the biochemical parameters in the blood serum of pregnant white rats.
From the foregoing, we conclude that Fluoxetine caused many gross abnormalities in the fetuses of rats at the age of 18 days of gestation, as well as contributed to the occurrence of many changes in the biochemical parameters in the blood serum of pregnant white rats.