دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية وجزيئية لبعض أنواع صنف ذوات المصراعين (Mollusca: Bivalvia) من المنطقة الوسطى في العراق

Morphological Taxonomic and Moleculer study of some species of class Bivalvia (Mollusca: Bivalvia ) from Middle Region of Iraq

Summary

This study was conducted to describe and diagnose some types of bivalve, which were collected from some governorates in central Iraq (Baghdad, Babylon, Karbala, Najaf) because these governorates are rich in rivers, streams and sewers, and samples were collected randomly from each of the above-mentioned governorates. Approximately 130 individuals during the period 1/12/2020 – 10/2/2021. Morphological study included a study of two orders, Unionida and Venerida, and a taxonomic key was developed to isolate those two orders. The diagnostic characteristics of the families shown by the current study of those two orders were described, and The family Unionidae was the most prevalent within the studied areas through the genera and species that were recorded, A taxonomic key has been set for the genus Unio of this family, from which most of the species shown in the current study descended, and all the species that were characterized morphologically and molecularly based on the taxonomic characteristics of the shell (shell size” length, width, height” shell shape, apex (Umbo), Lateral edges of the dorsal, ventral, anterior and posterior shells, color of the shell inside and out, Growth line, center lines of the apex, the location of the adductor muscle scar from the inside). The following types have been identified phenotypically: -Pseudodontopsis euphraticus ( Bourguigant, 1852) -Unio tigridis Bourguignat ,1852 -Corbicula fluminea ( Müller, 1774) -Corbicula fluminalis ( Müller, 1774) For the molecular study, it was revealed that 50 samples were randomly selected to isolate DNA from the membranes and feet of those samples using an extraction kit: FavorPrep™ Tissue Genomic DNA Extraction Mini Kit, according to the protocol steps provided by (Favorgen/Korea), and using qualitative primers designed and prepared from (Macrogen/Korea) Company for the detection of (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I) gene by (Polymerase Chin Reaction) for the current study. After knowing the number of multiplexed bundles and their molecular weights, approximately 20 microliters of the reaction product were sent from a sample of (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I) membranes and feet, as Seven isolates has been sent to South Korea in order to verify the sequence of nitrogenous bases using the Sanger device and compare them with the sequences of Genes published in the (National Center for Biotechnology Information) Global Gene Bank website, as well as in order to obtain the accession number for local isolates. The results were obtained for six isolates after their identification, and four species were recorded as new records in Iraq, and they were as follows: 1) Sinanodonta woodiana and it was registered in the (NCBI) Gene Bank website, it was registered with the index number (LC656037), and this species is the first new record in Iraq. 2) Sinanodonta woodiana and has been registered with the (NCBI) Global Gene Bank Gene Bank, registered with the index number( LC658986). 3) Unio elongatulus and it was registered in the (NCBI) Gene Bank website, with the index number LC651631)), and this species is the first new record in Iraq. 4) Unio elongatulus and registered in the (NCBI) Gene Bank Global Gene Bank website, registered with the index number (LC651632). 5) Unio mancus mancus It was registered in the (NCBI) Gene Bank website, it was registered with the index number (LC651633), and this species is the first new record in Iraq. 6) Unio delphinus and it was registered in the (NCBI) Gene Bank website, it was registered with the index number (OK534157), and this species is the first new record in Iraq.