دراسة مظهرية دقيقة وكيميائية للنوعين الشمعدان الاصفر و الشمعدان البني العائدين للعائلة البقولية

Rp.Micro morphological and chemical study for the species Senna alata (L.) Roxb. and Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby.belong to... pdf.

The current research dealt with a taxonomic study of the species
Senna.alata (L.) Roxb. and senna.didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby from family Fabaceae .The study included the vegetative and reproductive parts from several aspects, such as Anatomical, Indumentum, Scanning Electron Microscope to micromorphology character , chemical characteristics and antifungal activity. The study was carried out in the laboratories of the College of education for Pure Science,Karbala University, in cooperation with the laboratories of the Ministry of Science and Technology for the period from September 2021 – June 2022.

As for the anatomical aspect, the characteristics of the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf, the floral parts epidermis as petals , sepals and bracts .It was found that many of these traits are important in diagnosing the two species, as it was distinguished by having paracytic stomata type in lower epidermis in senna.alata , while it was actinocytic type in senna.didymobotrya, so the indumentum denes in and S.didymobotrya and presence of long hair type of indumentum but in S.alata there was short hair type of indumentum and papillae on lower epidermis but not found on epidermis of S.didymobotrya . they are important in diagnosing the two species and it showed by SEM.
. so a micromorphologic study by SEM to Indumentum of the leaves and floral parts which was denes in S.didymobotrya on epidermis of leaves , sepals , petals and bracts epidermis while in S.alata was less or no Indumentum on the same parts . For the abundance and diversity of the indumentum, it was described for each of the vegetative, flowering and reproductive parts, as it was characterized by the presence of
unglandular unicellular hairs , unglandular hairs globoid hairs
and papillae, as for the leaves , the petals, the sepals and the bracts parts .which wes the important diagnostic characteristics and was developed as a key to the diagnosis of the two species

The study also dealt with the chemical content of the ethanolic extract of the leaf and fruit of two studied species, where the compounds were diagnosed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), It was found that there are twenty chemical compounds resulting from secondary metabolism in S.alata, and twenty in S.didymobotrya leaves.which have an effective role in medical treatments and as a defense mechanism for plants, it include important of which is ,Alkaloid ,terpenes ,steroids , asters ,unsaturated glycerol and essential oil . they are important in diagnosing the two species .that compounds were very important as anti fungal activity so the activity was tasted against some fungal pathogene (A. alternate and N. dimidiatum , S. fimicola) the results found that S.didymobotrya extracts from S.alata extracts have strong activity against fungal .that give important evidence in diagnosing the two species The study concluded to confirm the current taxonomic position of species S.didymobotrya and S.alata. from family Fabaceae .