دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة لبعض أنواع العائلة السعدية Cyperaceae في بعض مناطق العراق

Morphological and anatomical study comparison of some species of the family Cyperaceae in some regions of Iraq.

Abstract

The present study includes some species and genera from Cyperaceae in Iraq : Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.)Pall Carex distans L. Carex aequivoca V.I.Krecz Carex otrubae Podp. Carex stenophylla Wahlenb. Carex pseudofoetida (non Kuk.) Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.)Vahl Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.)Vahl Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.)J.Presl and C.Presl Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem and Schult Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. Schoenoplectus litoralis (Schrad.)Palla The study covered different taxonomic aspects, which including anatomical, morphological (Reproductive structures) and Pollen grain characters. The study carried out on the plants was kept in the Iraqi herbarium from 2019 in College of Education for Pure Science/University of Kerbala. Quantitative and qualitative morphological characters of bracts with anther , filament ,stigma and achene were studied, and their taxonomic importance is assessed . It is observed that the most overized diameters to the bracts , filament and achene are found in Bolboschoenus maritimus .The anatomical study dealt with adetailed description of leaves and stems epidermis , also glume epidermis . Many Quantitative and qualitative characters were important at genera and species level especially presence of indumentum, silica bodies , characters of stomata , such as stomata type in leaves and stem epidermis , In the lower epidermis the diameters of long cells were useful for the genera level ,and more gaint long cells was found in Fimbristylis و Eleocharis و Schoenoplectus genera which be useful to separate them from the genera Bolboschoenus, and Carex .so the type of silica cells were be useful to separate the species F. ferruginea which only has crown cell shape , so only the species C.pseudofoetida has sandy silica cells. Presence , type and distribution of indumentum showed considerable taxonomic value such as the presence of papillae on lower epidermis only in B. maritimus C. otrubae , C. stenophylla , C.distans., the micro hairs only in C. pseudofoetida , F. ferruginea and the glands only in F. dichotoma و C . pseudofoetida .that make it distinguishing characters to these species . so on the upper epidermis the papillae only found in S. litoralis ,. C. otrubae , C. distans. The micro hairs are found only in litoralis .S ، C. otrubae , C. stenophylla .in stem epidermis found only microhairs in El. atropurpurea and the glands only in F. ferruginea .The tissues of stems and leaves cross- section were have been useful such as stellate parenchyma , presence of air spaces , sclerenchyma girder.The shape of sclerenchyma bundles the numbers and types of sheaths around the bundles and arrangement of vessels have taxonomic value, especially in segregation species .The diameters of stems and leaves cross- section, shapes , distribution and number of vascular bundles and sclerenchyma girder .So The anatomy of stems , leaves and glumes in some species was investigated for the first time. The study of pollen grain it was showed that the characters such as shape , size and sculpture have also considerable taxonomic value .It was clear from previous studies , significant importance of anatomical characters , also morphological characters and pollen grain in the identification and classification of the genera with their species. Key words: Leaf anatomy, Stem anatomy, Pollen study, Cyperaceae family, Phenotypic study