دراسة مناعية لبعض الواسمات السطحية لدى مرضى سرطان الدم والمصابين بفايروس كورونا المستجد

Immunological study of some surface markers in leukemia patients and those infected with the new corona virus

This study aimed to compare the levels of surface markers CD3, CD4, CD16, CD56 and CD19 in lymphoid leukemia patients infected with covid-19 , covid-19 patients without lymphocytic leukemia and ahealthy group.
detection was made using flow cytometry technique on the levels of subgroups of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of (90) males and females in the age group of 16-60 years. The samples were collected from vaccinated persons, and they consisted of 60 samples Patients infected with the virus, including 30 people infected with the Corona virus without lymphocytic leukemia (G3), and 30 people with lymphocytic leukemia patients infected with the disease Corona-19 G2 virus), in addition to (30) people from the healthy group (G1).
All blood samples and available data were collected from patients infected with corona virus-19, from Al-Zahraa center fyom expatriates, the center for Oncology and Hematology in the Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) Medical City in the Holy Karbala Governorate, the Oncology and Hematology Center at Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babel Governorate and Al-Furat Center for Cancerous Tumers in Najaf Governorate, in partnership with the laboratories of medical centers and Al-Jawadeen National Laboratory, for the period from October 2021 to April 2022.
The immunophenotypic patterns of CD3, CD4, CD16, CD56 and CD19 of the samples were studied using the flow cytometry technique. The results showed a significant statistically significant decrease at the significance level of P≤ 0.05 in the surface markers, CD16, CD3, CD4, CD19 and CD56 in patients G2,G3 compared with G1; The samples were divided by gender into male and female, to assess the levels of surface markers in both sexes. The study showed a decrease in the level of surface markers CD3, CD4, CD19, CD16 and CD56 in G2 patients; In addition to a significant decrease in the level of surface markers in patients with G3 .
The results also showed an increase in the rate of infection among females than males, and the samples of patients infected with Corona virus and the healthy group were divided according to age into five age groups (16-25), (26-35), (36-45), (46-55), 56 years and over, and in the ages ranging between 46-55 and ages over 56 years, there was no significant statistically significant decrease at the significance level of P≤ 0.05 in the levels of surface markers CD3, CD4, CD19, CD16 and CD56 compared with other age groups. Where the results showed a high decrease in the level of surface markers in the age group 16-25 years compared to the healthy group, and the results showed a moderate decrease in the age groups 26-35 years, which was characterized by a decrease in the level of surface markers CD4, CD16 and CD56 compared with the healthy group , Also, the results of the age groups 36-45 years showed a moderate decrease in the level of surface markers CD4, CD16 and CD56; It showed a decrease in the rates of surface markers CD4, CD16 and CD56 compared to the healthy group .
The results obtained show that the adaptive immunity is significantly impaired in patients with lymphocytic leukemia and infected with MERS-CoV compared with MERS-CoV patients without leukemia patients; Patients show low levels of the surface markers CD3, CD4, CD19, CD16 and CD56; Which led to the weakening of the cellular immune response to the Corona virus caused by the low levels of T cells (CD3,CD4), B cells (CD19), and natural killer cells (CD16, CD56), and this calls for further investigation in these disease groups of Corona virus patients .