دراسة نسجية مرضية مناعية لتأثير جسيمات الفضة النانوية والمورينغا في الكبد والكلى لذكور الارانب المعاملة بغذاء عالي الكوليسترول

Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of silver nanoparticles and moringa on the liver and kidneys of male rabbits treated with a high cholesterol diet

Abstract

The current study was conducted to evaluate the histological and immunohistopathological changes resulting from feeding experimental animals a high cholesterol diet and then treating them with silver nanoparticles in comparison with Moringa leaf extract.
In the experiment, (30) male rabbits were used, and they were divided into six groups, five of which were fed for (90) days with a diet containing 2.5% cholesterol, while the control group was left fed with normal food.
Animals fed a diet containing 2.5% cholesterol for 90 days were dosed with three concentrations of silver nanoparticles AgNPs (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg body weight) and Moringa leaf extract (200 mg/kg body weight) for a period of 21 days. a day.
1 ml of blood was withdrawn from the groups treated with the diet containing 2.5% cholesterol monthly to confirm the induction of hypercholesterolemia in the blood of the experimental animals, after the feeding period and after the period of dosing with silver nanoparticles AgNPs, as well as the extract of the leaves of the Moringa plant. For the purpose of measuring the level of lipids in the blood (lipid profile), which included (total cholesterol TC, triglycerides TG, high-density lipoprotein HDL, low-density lipoprotein LDL, and very low-density lipoprotein VLDL) 10 ml were withdrawn from each One of the experimental animals for the purpose of measuring fat parameters after sacrificing the animals and the end of the experiment period.
The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the weights of the animals after the feeding period for the groups that were fed for (90) days with a ration containing 2.5% cholesterol.
The results of the study showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of fats in the blood of the groups that were fed for (90) days with a diet containing 2.5% cholesterol.
The results of the hypercholesterolemia group showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), while continuing to feed them with high-cholesterol food, while the results recorded a significant decrease (P<0.05). ) in the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL).
A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of total cholesterol was recorded after the dosing period for groups treated with silver AgNPs nanoparticles at a concentration (5 and 10 mg/kg of body weight), while a non-significant decrease (P>0.05) was observed in the cholesterol level after The dosing period for the group treated with silver AgNPs nanoparticles at a concentration (15 mg/kg body weight) as well as the group treated with Moringa leaf extract (200 mg/kg body weight).
The results showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the level of triglycerides of groups treated with silver AgNPs at a concentration of (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg body weight) for a period of 21 days, while a significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed for the treatment group. With Moringa leaf extract (200 mg / kg body weight).
The results of the study showed a significant decrease (P>0.05) in the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for the group treated with silver AgNPs nanoparticles at a concentration (5 mg/kg of body weight), while a significant increase (P<0.05) was observed for the group Working with silver nanoparticles (10 and 15 mg / kg of body weight) as well as the treatment group with Moringa leaf extract (200 mg / kg of body weight) for 21 days.
The results also showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the average concentration of LDL in the serum of rabbits before and after the period of administration for the groups treated with silver nanoparticles (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg/body weight) and the treatment group. With the extract of the treated groups Moringa leaves (200 mg / kg / body weight).
The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the level of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) for groups treated with silver AgNPs nanoparticles at a concentration of (5 and 15 mg/kg of body weight) for 21 days, while a significant decrease was observed ( P<0.05) for the group treated with silver nanoparticles (10 mg/kg body weight) and the group treated with Moringa leaf extract (200 mg/kg body weight).
Numerous histological changes were also recorded in the liver of groups fed for (90) days with a diet containing 2.5% cholesterol. different in liver tissue.
As for the livers of animals treated with silver nanoparticles and moringa leaf extract for 21 days, it showed a return of the radiographic appearance of hepatocytes to the hepatocytes around the hepatic vein and no infiltration of inflammatory cells, with a few swollen cells and less number of fatty droplets.
As for the histological sections of the kidneys of animals that were fed for (90) days with a diet containing 2.5% cholesterol, the presence of hemorrhage and expansion of the renal tubules, infiltration of lymphocytes, congestion, as well as the accumulation of protein substances inside the renal tubules were recorded.
Histological sections of the kidneys of animals treated with silver nanoparticles and Moringa leaf extract for 21 days showed the return of the normal histological appearance of the kidneys with the presence of some dilated renal tubules.
The immunohistochemical study reinforced the results of the study and showed tissue discoloration in brown indicating the presence of the immune cytokines represented by Interleukin 1β and Interleukin 6.
It can be concluded from this study that the use of low concentrations of silver nanoparticles and moringa leaf extract for 21 days in hypercholesterolemic animals has an effect on improving the lipid profile in the blood, in addition to improving the histological appearance of the liver and kidneys.