دور بروتين التصاق الأوعية الدموية -1 والسيليكتين و الاومنتين -1 في الخلل الوظيفي البطاني ودراسة دور المواد النانوية كعامل لخفض الدهون للأطفال المصابين بالمتلازمة الكلوية

Role of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1, E-Selectin and Omentin-1 in Endothelial Dysfunction and study of Nano particles as lipid-lowering agent among Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes the body to excrete too much protein in the urine. The most common causes are genetic factors. Other causes can include diseases that affect other parts of the body, infections and certain medications. The symptoms include too much protein in the urine, and low levels of albumin in the blood (hypoalbuminemia) swelling of the body (edema).
Nephrotic syndrome in children causes many complications in many organs of the body and in some cases may cause death. This study was aimed to find chemical parameters that can predict endothelial dysfunction in children with nephrotic syndrome due to high levels of lipids as well as other factors which included Estimation the level E-selectin, Omentin-1 and Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1). Also Investigated the diagnostic preferences of E-selectin, Omentin-1 and Vascular adhesion protein-1 as a biochemical parameter in nephrotic syndrome using ROC analysis. Furthermore, Prepare and study the structural features of chitosan/iron oxide nanoparticles CS-FeO NPs and Examine the Applications of such nanoparticles as a lipid-lowering agent in children with nephrotic syndrome
Methods: This study was designed as a case-control study, A total of 52 participants with nephrotic syndrome which were collected form Kerbala children teaching hospital, Kerbala health directorate/ Iraq. Serum lipid panel (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG), renal function test (blood urea and creatinine ) and albumin in serum and urine were measured using system (Cobas e 411, Roche Diagnostic, Germany), Elisa system was used for the detection of E-selectin, Omentin-1 and vascular adhesion protien-1 level. On other hand In the laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine/ Karbala University, the nanocomposite was prepared from chitosan and iron oxide. The characterization of Nanoparticle measured in the Ministry of Science and Technology Environment and Water Research and Technology department using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The results of the study showed an increasing in the levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, urine albumin, E-selectin, and VAP-1 with highly significant differences. Results were also shown a decreased in the level of serum albumin and Omentine-1 significantly in patients compared to the control group. The performance of chitosan-iron oxide nanocomposites for the lowering of cholesterol was performed. It was found that CS-Fe3O4 NPs have an ability to lower lipid content indeed reduced the cholesterol accumulation in the pool samples by ~ 85%, reduced the TG level in the pool samples by 84.5% and reduced the LDL level in the pool samples by 81% .
In conclusion, the proposed biomarkers and dyslipidemia were linked successfully in the diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction in children with nephrotic syndrome. Magnetic Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles were prepared successfully by the covalent binding of CTS on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These microspheres were applied to the magnetic-field-assisted lipid lowering processes.