كفاءة بعض انواع المسببات الممرضة للحشرات (التجارية والمحلية)مع المبيد اكتارا في السيطرة على حشرة دوباس النخيل Ommatissus lybicus De Berg Homoptera:Tropiducidae))في محافظة كربلاء

The efficiency of some types of insect pathogens (commercial and local) with the pesticide Actara in controlling the palm dubas insect Ommatissus lybicus De Berg ( Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) in Karbala Governorate

Abstract

The main aims some of this study were to evaluate biological controlling agents with Actara pestsid the Dubas insect Ommatissus lybicus De Berg and diagnose the most important fungi accompanying it in Al-Husseiniya District, Karbala Governorate.
The results of testing the effect of several concentrations of insect-pathogenic fungi and the pesticide Actara against adults of the Dubas insect within 9 days showed that treatment with the chemical pesticide Actara was superior to the spray method with both concentrations used of 0.25 and 0.375 g/L, giving them the highest rate of death rate, amounting to 86.01%, as for the rest of the treatments, which are biological fungi. Beauveria bassiana Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Metarhizium anisopliae ranged from 39.25-32.16.36.81% compared to the comparison treatment, which had a mortality rate of 6.66%.
The results of the effect of the interaction between biological agents and the chemical pesticide Actara in laboratory conditions and over 9 days showed that the interaction treatment between the pesticide Actara and the fungus B. bassiana was superior at both concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 g/L, as the average mortality rate was 86.02%. As for the rest of the treatments, which were B. bassiana with P. lilacinus, M. anisopliae, and P. lilacinus with M. anisopliae, the mortality rates were 37.57, 38.13, and 39.64%, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment, in which the mortality rate was 6.66%. The results also showed in the integration experiment between biological and chemical factors that the best concentrations against the Dubas insect after 9 days were superior to the treatment. The chemical pesticide Actara was applied to the rest of the treatments with a mortality rate of 87.52%.
The results of testing the effect of two concentrations of pathogenic fungi and the pesticide Actara on the mortality rate of Dubas nymphs of the spring generation, under laboratory conditions, and after 7 days, the treatment of the chemical pesticide Actara at both concentrations of 0.25 and 0.375 grams, was distinguished by giving them a high mortality rate of 92.59%, followed by treatment of the biological agent, the fungus P. lilacinus, and both. At two concentrations of 0.5 and 1.75 g/L, the mortality rate was 47.32% compared to the comparison treatment, in which the mortality rate was 6.66%. The results of the interaction test between the pathogenic fungi and the chemical pesticide Actara showed its effect on the laboratory mortality rate of Dubas nymphs in the spring generation after 7 days. Among the treatments, the treatment with the chemical pesticide Actara and the fungus B. bassiana was distinguished by giving it the highest percentage of mortality, reaching 94.91%.
The results of isolating and diagnosing the fungi accompanying the nymphs and adults of the Dubas insect, which were collected from 3 areas in Al-Husseiniyah District / Karbala Governorate, also demonstrated the presence of the fungal genera, namely Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Saccharomyces sp., Rhizopus, and the bacteria Bacillus sp. In all the samples in the survey, the fungus Aspergillus sp. excelled with the highest incidence and frequency. In sample No. 3 (Husseiniyah), its occurrence and frequency rates reached 57.14 and 53.57%, respectively.
The results of testing the pathogenicity of fungi isolated from Dubas adults and nymphs in laboratory conditions showed that the fungal isolate T2 (Penicillium sp.) in sample No. 1 (Al-Wand region) was distinguished by giving it a mortality rate of 6.58% compared to the comparison treatment in which the mortality rate was 0.75%. The results showed The 4 isolates that excelled in their pathogenicity under laboratory conditions were diagnosed as belonging to fungi: Aspergillus funigatus, Penicillium janthinellum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Penicillium amrantiogriseum.
The results of evaluating the various treatments on the corrected mortality rate of Dubas nymphs for the fall season and under field conditions also showed that the treatment with the chemical pesticide Actara also injection outperformed, giving it the highest mortality rate of 89.29%, at both concentrations of 1 and 1.5 g, followed by the treatment of the biological agent, the fungus B. bassiana, at both concentrations of 5 and 7. gm/L, where the mortality rate was 75.03%. The results of evaluating the effect of the interaction between pathogenic fungi on the corrected mortality rate of Dubas nymphs for the fall season and under field conditions proved that the interaction treatment between the two fungi B. bassiana and M. anisopliae on the rest of the treatments, which gave a mortality rate of 77.19%. The results also showed the integration between biological and chemical factors against the nymphs of Dubas for the fall season. Under field conditions, the treatment of the chemical pesticide Actara was distinguished by injection on the rest of the treatments, where the percentage of death was 90.26%, followed by the treatment of the biological fungus M. anisopliae with a mortality rate of 83.79%.
The results of evaluating the effect of different concentrations of pathogenic fungi and the chemical pesticide Actara on the mortality rate of Dubas nymphs for the spring season and under field conditions, the treatment with the chemical pesticide Actara by injection method was superior to the rest of the treatments. At both concentrations, 1 gm/L and 1.5 gm/L, the mean mortality rate was 99.21%, and the chemical pesticide by spraying also ranked second with both concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 g/L in terms of the death rate, which amounted to 96.53%.
The results of testing the effect of the interaction between pathogenic fungi on the percentage of death of Dubas nymphs for the spring season under field conditions also showed that the interaction treatment between the two fungi, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, over the other treatments by giving them a rate of death rate of 90.55%. The results of the integration treatments between the biological and chemical factors of the best concentrations used against the nymphs of Dubas for the spring season in field conditions showed that the treatment of the chemical pesticide Actara was superior to the injection method by giving it the highest rate of mortality of 99.35%, followed by the treatment also The chemical pesticide by spraying method had a death rate of 97.25%, and treatment with the biological fungus B. bassiana came in third place with a death rate of 84.30%.