مستويات نسفاتين 1، المتغيرات الجينية نوكليوبيندين- 2 مع أدوارها في احداث داء السكري النوع الثاني في النساء العراقيات البدينات

Nesfatin-1 Levels, Nucleobindin-2 Genetic Variants with their Roles in Pathogenesis of Obese Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Women

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of metabolic disorders; it is caused by a combination of two basic factors: insufficient insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells or a failure of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond adequately to insulin. Nesfatin-1 is secreted from the hypothalamic nuclei, it is responsible for controlling appetite and affects many functions such as regulatory effects on energy metabolism through suppression of food intake. In addition, it regulates cardiac functions, decreases blood glucose levels, acts as a neuroendocrine regulator, and causes weight loss along with reduction in energy intake. Nesfatin-1, originating from its precursor protein called nucleobindin- 2 (NUCB2), plays an important role in glucose metabolism and diabetes. This study explored the correlation between NUCB2 genetic variants and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the presented word was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serum Nesfatin-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with C-peptide level in obese and non-obese type-2 diabetic women of Iraqi population.
A case-control study was performed on 50 type 2 diabetic patients admitted in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Al-Hassan center of diabetes and endocrinology unit / Kerbala health directorate – Iraq and another 50 control individuals, during the period from April, 2022 – Jan. 2023). The T2DM groups were divided into two groups 25 obese and 25 non-obese; also the control group was divided into 25 obese and 25 non-obese as apparently healthy groups. The ELISA Kit was used to measure serum Nesfatin-1 and C-peptide, and random serum glucose was measured by enzymatic colorimetric method, and lipid profile test were measured through spectrophotometric technique, while HbA1c% was determined using HPLC method.
The results observed indicated that Nesfatin-1 levels show a non-significant decrease in all of type 2 diabetic groups as compared with apparently healthy control group, while the C-peptide was significantly decreased in type 2 diabetic patients when compared with apparently control group. In addition, the random blood glucose and HbA1c% show significant elevation in type 2 diabetic patients as compared with apparently healthy control groups. The observed data indicated that Nesfatin-1 and C-peptide levels when comparing between type 2 diabetic patients and control in obese groups shown a risk factors depending upon the odd ratio observed (OR = 1.064 (1.011-1.119), 1.0200 (0.992-1.08)) respectively, but only Nesfatin-1 was shown to be significant. According to BMI the levels of Nesfatin-1 and C-peptide, as shown the Nesfatin-1 was significant in obese groups, while the C-peptide as shown significant in normal weight groups. The optimal diagnostic points for Nesfatin-1 were (sensitivity = 98%, specificity = 90%) at a level (Cut-off points) = 39.13, while C-Peptide levels: (sensitivity = 98%, specificity = 94%) at a level (Cut-off points) = 15.99. Both markers have p-values of the AUC were <0.001 and statistically significant. And the result of genotype, the results observed indicated that Nesfatin-1 levels shown a significant in all of type 2 diabetic groups in polymerase gene (rs757081), while the C-peptide and lipid profile, RBS, HbA1C and W.H.R were non-significantly in type 2 diabetic patients in polymerases gene (rs757081). In addition, when compared Nesfatin.1 with polymerase gene in patients showed increased frequencies of CG + GG genotypes in (rs757081) for CG (OR = 1.119 (1.002-1.248), p = 0.045; GG (OR = 1.102 (0.992-1.223), p = 0.05, respectively). Just significantly differences in Nasfatine-1
Accordingly, it was concluded that a significant relationship between circulating Nesfatin-1 levels and type 2 diabetes. Nesfatin-1 appears to be able to contribute to the treatment of obesity and diabetes because of its anorexigenic and antihyperglycemic effects. In addition, C-peptide is a known biomarker of insulin resistance and beta-cell function. High specificity and sensitivity analyzed results were obtained by ROC analysis for both markers in T2DM.