مسح وتشخيص لأهم أنواع المَنْ العائد لعائلة (Aphididae) وبعض اعدائها الطبيعيين في بعض مشاتل نباتات الزينة في محافظة كربلاءمسح وتشخيص لأهم أنواع المَنْ العائد لعائلة (Aphididae) وبعض اعدائها الطبيعيين في بعض مشاتل نباتات الزينة في محافظة كربلاء

Survey and diagnosis of the most important species of aphids (Aphididae) and some of their natural enemies in some ornamental plant nurseries in Karbala governorate

The study covered a survey and diagnosis of the most important types of aphids belonging to the family (Aphididae) and some of their natural enemies on ornamental plants in some nurseries in the following areas (City Center, Aoun, Al-Hussainiya, Al-Bubiyat, Al-Hur and Al-Hindiya) at a rate of one nursery for each area in the holy Karbala Governorate for the period 10/30/2023 – 5/15/2024.
The number of infected and uninfected ornamental plants recorded a significant difference between them, as the infection rate on ornamental plants varied, and differences were also found when studying the rates of numerical density of aphid roles on infected ornamental plants, nymphs were the most widespread compared to winged and wingless adults. It recorded a clear decrease in the first time periods of the study (from the end of October to mid-December 2023) and then gradually increased to reach its peak in mid-March 2024 and then began to gradually decrease. The infection then intensified with the increase in the number of infected plants in the subsequent period of time until it reached its highest infection in March and then gradually decreased.
The number of uninfected plants outnumbered the infected plants, and the percentages of infection of ornamental plants with different types of aphids differed in the nurseries of these areas, as oleander, rose, and lily plants were the most sensitive to infection by aphids. On the other hand, nightshade, jacaranda, and lily plants were the least affected by infection. The highest percentage was recorded in Al-Hur area on the oleander plant at 23.84%, and the lowest percentage was on the nightshade plant at 3.67%, while the nurseries of the city center recorded the highest percentage on the damask plant at 22.04% and the lowest percentage on the jacaranda plant at 1.19%. As for Al-Hussainiya area, the highest percentage was recorded on the tecoma plant at 22.67% and the lowest percentage was on the nightshade plant at 5.36%. As for Aoun area, the highest percentage of infection was on the lahana plant at 22.48% and the lowest was on the Ain Al-Bazun plant at 0.92%. In Al-Bubiyat area, the highest percentage was on the tecoma plant at 22.8% and the lowest was on the nightshade plant at 8.31%. As for Al-Hindiya nurseries, the highest percentage was on the oleander plant at 24.86% and the lowest was on the nightshade plant at 2.47%.
After conducting a periodic survey and diagnosis of the most important types of aphids belonging to the family (Aphididae) on ornamental plants in nurseries in Karbala Governorate, new plant families (ornamental plants) were recorded in this study for the first time in Iraq, as 14 types of aphids were found on them, eight of which were previously recorded in Iraq on other plants and were not recorded on ornamental plants according to the database of the Natural History Museum at the University of Baghdad, and two types were recorded on ornamental plants, while the other four types are the first to be recorded in Iraq and were not previously recorded on any plant. This can be summarized as follows:
First: The types of manna previously recorded in Iraq and found on ornamental plants are:
1. Cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)
2. Apricot aphid Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard, 1840)
3. Oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758)
4. Safflower aphid (thistle) Uroleucon sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767)
5. Cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877
6. Bean aphid Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763
7. Gall aphid Cinara tujafilina (Del Guercio, 1909)
8. Green apple aphid Aphis pomi (DeGeer, 1773)
Second: The types of aphids previously recorded in Iraq on ornamental plants are:
1. The david aphid (chrysanthemum) Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette, 1908)
2. The oleander aphid Aphis nerii Fonscolombe, 1841
Third: Unregistered species in Iraq that were found on ornamental plants:
1. Green citrus aphid Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914
2. Dandelion aphid Aphis taraxacicola (Börner, 1940)
3. Brown citrus aphid Toxoptera auranti (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841)
4. Hawthorn aphid Dysaphis crataegi (Kaltenbach 1843)
Four predators were recorded on different aphid species on ornamental plants:
1. Flower service fly Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794)
2. Seven-spotted ladybug Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
3. Predatory flower bug Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler, 1904)
4. Aeolothrips crucifer Hood, 1935
Two parasitoids on different aphid species on ornamental plants were recorded:
1. Parasitoids of the suppressive aphid Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh, 1855)
2. Parasitoids of the black aphid Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman, 1820)