مقارنة وظيفية – نسجية لألتهاب المفاصل الرثوي المستحدث والمعالج بمستخلص جذور الزنجبيل وعقار الفولتارين

Histophysiological Comparison for Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis treated by ginger's root extract and voltaren drug

This study aimed to find out the effect of  both the hot warm aqueous extract of ginger Zingiber officinale plant and voltaren drug on induced the impact of rheumatoid arthritis in white rat males induced by material complete Freund’s adjuvant throvgh studying some functional and histological parameters .

`        This study was accomplished in the Animal house / college of  Pharmacy – University of Karbala for the  period From February 2015 until the month of October 2015, Seventy five adult male rats were divided into five equal (5/groups).First group was incubated with normal salin for 44 days and served as negative controls( G1). Rats in the second , third , fourth and fifth groups  were subcutaneously   injected  with 0.1 ml complete Freund’s adjuvant for 14 days  to induced rheumatoid arthritis lesion, after that,  second group  served as positive group (G2), third group intonated with 1.8 mg/200 gm B.W voltarene(G3) , fourth group intonated with 9mg/kg B.W. of hot aqueous extraction of ginger root (G4) , last group intonated both ( 1.8mg/200mg B.W and 9mg/kg B.W) and served as fifth group (G5.

Fasting blood samples were collected at zero , 14 days and 44 days  of experiments for measuring  platelets and WBC counts, Aspartate transaminase enzymes (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activates  , albumin, total protein and globulin , creatinine and urea  concentrations  and  potassium, sodium and calcium ions , Furthermore , synovial cartilage , hepatic tissue and kidney were assessed for histological changes

the results revealed that|:

1- The induced of rheumatoid arthritis in male rat in G2 led significant increase (P <0.05) in the number of white blood cells W.B.C and the number of platelets counts compared with negative control group, and a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the number of WBC and platelets counts in G3 and G4 and G5  group compared to positive control group.

2- The results of the study showed, the development of rheumatoid arthritis in the White Rat males led to a significant increase (P <0.05) in of liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP concentration and the level of globulin and creatinine, urea and calcium ions and non significant increase (P> 0.05) in the potassium ions level with a significant decrease (P <0.05) in albumin, total protein and sodium ions compared with negative control, and significant increase (P <0.05) in the the liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and albumin and potassium ions of sodium ions and non significant increase (P> 0.05) in the level of creatinine, urea and calcium ions and a significant decrease (P <0.05) in total protein and non-significant decrease (P> 0.05) globulin level in G3 as compared with the positive  control and the Results show significant decrease (P<0.05) in the liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and creatinine and urea , and non significant decrease (P> 0.05) in the globulin, and potassium, calcium ions and significant increase (P <0.05) in the level of albumin, total protein and sodium ions in G4 as compared to the positive control and the Results show significant decrease (P <0.05) in the liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and creatinine and non-significant decrease (P> 0.05) in globulin and urea and potassium ions, calcium and significant increase(P> 0.05) in the of albumin, total protein level and sodium ions in G5 as compared to the positive control.

3- The results of the study showed that the development of rheumatoid arthritis in male rat G2 led to a significant increase (P <0.05) in the right foot thickness compared with negative control group. And a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the right foot thickness when a drug treatment voltaren  G3 or warm aqueous extract of ginger plant G4 or both G5 as compared to the positive  control.

4- Histological section indicated that some pathological changes in the cartilage of positive group G2 compared with a negative control .characterized by a necrosis chondrocyte, atrophy , degeneration and decay of some chondrocyte as well as the occurrence of decay also seen in Collagen fibers ,when treated with a drug voltaren G3 the necrosis occurrence in some chondrocyte with shrink age chondrocyte  nucleus and its location in one side in other as well as the decay occurrence in Collagen fibers As noted when the hot aqueous extract treatment plant ginger (G4) having some chondrocytes  closest were to normal with the presence of some necrotic cells and shrink age chondrocyte nucleus and be a blood vessel as well as the presence of Collagen fibers also when treated with a drug voltaren and hot aqueous extract treatment plant ginger(G5) seen necrotic cell and normal cell. While the development of rheumatoid arthritis in male rat led to pathological changes in the livers of positive  animals G2 compared with a negative control. As showed congestion bloody in the central veins and irregular Sinusoid as well as necrosis of some hepatocytes with the presence devoid cells to the nucleus as observed in a drug voltaren treated group G3 bloody congestion in the region, the central vein and necrosis in some hepatocytes and the presence of hemorrhage regions and erratic in Sinusoid  and the proliferation of the inflammatory cells, and the treated hot aqueous extract of the plant ginger G4 showed a protective effect for the liver as the installation of liver tissue closer to normal, where it was observed simple congestion central vein and expansion Sinusoid as the drug voltaren and warm aqueous extract of ginger together G5 treatment where noted that the fabric closer to normal, with some bleeding and the disappearance of the central vein congestion areas with the presence of some of the affected cells. While the development of rheumatoid arthritis led to obtain pathological changes in the positive  animals College G2 compared with a negative control Noting narrow cavity renal tubule and congestion and vaculation in tubule area was observed necrosis in the epithelium of the walls of the cells of the renal tubules in some locations, and inflation in the glomeruli to occur as a result of inflammation . showed aggregates treated with a drug voltaren G3 necrosis in some college cells in the tubule area with a hemorrhage in the tubule area and within the glomerulus and inflammation of the glomerulus and inflation significantly showed the warm aqueous extract of the plant ginger processing G4 inflation some glomeruli as a result of inflammation and presence of simple hemorrhage and crash some tubule cells as voltaren and warm aqueous extract treatment for ginger plant together G5 showed the presence of degenerative changes with some necrosis of renal tubule cells with hemorrhage simple