تاثير سماد كبريتات البوتاسيوم ورش مستخلص الكجرات في النمو والحاصل والمحتو ىالكيميائ يالفعا للصنفي نمنالشلغم .L rapa Brassica

Effect of Potassium Sulfate Fertilizer and Spraying Kajarat Extract on the Growth, Yield, and Active Chemical Content of Two Turnip Cultivars Brassica rapa L.

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in the field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering – College of Agriculture / University of Karbala in Al-Hussainiya District, Karbala Governorate, during the autumn season 2024-2025 to study the effect of adding potassium fertilizer and spraying kajarat extract on the growth and yield of two turnip cultivars based on the influence of two factors. The first factor is the fertilizer treatments, which are seven in number: T1 (without adding potassium or spraying kajarat extract), T2 (adding potassium 100 kg K2O e-1), T3 (adding potassium 200 kg K2O e-1), T4 (T2 + spraying kajarat extract at a concentration of 4 mg L-1), T5 (T2 + spraying kajarat extract at a concentration of 8 mg L-1), T6 (T3 + spraying kajarat extract at a concentration of 4 mg L-1), and T7 (T3 + spraying kajarat extract at a concentration of 8 mg L-1). The second factor is the variety, which included two varieties of turnips: the Iraqi local variety (A) and the Iranian local variety (B). A factorial experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates, each with 14 experimental units. The total number of experimental units was 42. The differences were compared using the least significant difference at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed the following:
1- Treatment T7 outperformed the other fertilizer treatments in leaf area (107.43 dm2 plant-1), dry weight of the vegetative system (217.02 g), dry weight of the root system (205.53 g), nitrogen concentration in the leaves (3.0567%), phosphorus concentration in the leaves (0.5100%), chlorophyll content in the leaves (77.56 mg/100 g fresh weight-1), total root weight (323.7 g), marketable root weight (281.2 g), and percentage Carbohydrates (9.79 mg g dry weight -1), protein (2.8690%), T.S.S., root content of Hydroxybrassicin (5.000 µg ml-1), root content and percentage of Glucosamine (3.770 µg ml-1), root content of Neoglucobrassicin (5.738 µg ml-1), root content of Glucobrassica (6.753 µg ml-1), root content of Glucoraphanin (7.198 µg ml-1), and the treatments T6 and T7 did not differ significantly between them and were superior in plant height (55.62 and 55.30 cm), number of leaves (21.60 and 20.32 leaves plant-1), root length (28.50 and 27.30 cm), and total yield (43.25 and 41.03 tons). Hectare-1) and fiber percentage (1.172 and 1.272%) and potassium concentration (2.893 and 2.685%) and that the treatments (T5, T6, T7) did not differ significantly among themselves and were superior in root diameter (8.300, 7.850 and 7.817 cm) and treatment (T1) was superior in the ratio of the vegetative system to the root system (1.0400) which did not differ significantly from treatments T2, T3, T4, T5.
2- The Iraqi local variety (A) was significantly superior to the Iranian local variety (B) in plant height (51.62 cm), number of leaves (18.58 leaves plant-1), dry weight of the vegetative system (193.02 g), leaf area (100.65 dm2 plant-1), dry weight of the root system (186.16 g) and nitrogen concentration in the leaves (2.4776%), phosphorus concentration in leaves (0.4286%), potassium concentration in leaves (2.2067%), chlorophyll content of leaves (72.73 mg 100 g fresh weight -1), root length (25.05 cm), root diameter (7.705 cm), total root weight (303.1 g), marketable root weight (273.5 g), total yield (42.06 t ha -1), protein content (2.5314%), T.S.S. percentage (6.08%), root content of Hydroxybrassicin (3.817 µg ml -1), root content of Glucosamine (2.741 µg ml -1), root content of Neoglucobrassicin (4.101 µg ml -1), root content of Glucobrassica (5.271 µg ml -1). ) and root content of Glucoraphanin (5.655 µg ml-1). There were no significant differences between the local Iraqi variety (A) and the local Iranian variety (B) in carbohydrate concentration. The highest concentration was given by the local Iranian variety (B) (7.65 mg g dry weight -1). The local Iranian variety (B) outperformed the local Iraqi variety (A) in the lower fiber content (1.427%) and the dry weight ratio of the vegetative system/root system (1.0328).
3- The interaction treatment (T7) for the local Iraqi variety (A) was significantly superior in most of the studied indicators. It was superior in the number of leaves (22.73) leaves per plant-1, leaf area (117.19 dm2 plant-1), dry weight of the vegetative system (234.60 g), dry weight of the root system (214.89 g), and chlorophyll content of the leaves. (96.45 mg/100 g fresh weight-1) and root diameter (8.600 cm) total root weight (352.1 g) and marketable root weight (312.2 g) and total yield (48.03 tons ha-1) and protein percentage (3.2750%) and root content of Hydroxybrassicin (5.610) µg ml-1) and root content of Glucosamine (4.217 µg ml-1) and root content of Neoglucobrassicin (6.307 µg ml-1) and root content of Glucobrassica (7.287 µg ml-1) and root content of Glucoraphanin (7.743 µg ml-1). Treatment T6, T7 for the Iraqi local variety (A) significantly exceeded plant height (58.30 and 58.73 cm) and nitrogen concentration. (3.3833 and 3.3500%), phosphorus concentration (0.5500 and 0.5200%), potassium concentration (3.1567 and 3.1200%), root length (29.60 and 28.30 cm), and T.S.S ratio (7.83 and 7.13%). As for the T7 treatment for the Iranian local variety (B), it was significantly superior in reducing the fiber percentage (1.069%) and increasing the carbohydrate percentage (10.45 mg g dry weight -1).