إستخدامات المياه في المواسم الدينية لمدينة كربلاء المقدسة(زيارة الأربعين إنموذجا )

(Water uses in the religious seasons of the city of Karbala (visit forty models

The holy city of Karbala is one of the most prominent cities of shrines
and religious shrines in Iraq and the Islamic world, which has made it one
of the most important aspects of tourism and religious visits that Muslims
from different parts of the world intend for specific religious seasons
during the days of the year. These servant seasons in which the millions
of visitors gather from inside Managing and serving these human crowds
represents a great challenge that burdens its responsibilities between the
state and society in all its spectrum, and the challenge of water, its
methods of use and its availability to meet the needs of visitors on this big
religious occasion is extremely important since water is one of the most
important requirements that accompany the visitor with different
geographical destinations, so therefore, Irrational uses of water exposes
this vital resource to waste and attrition and makes its management
processes a major challenge now and in the future.
This study aims to achieve a number of goals, perhaps the most
prominent of which are: –
1- Finding the sources of drinking water in the holy city of Karbala.
2- Knowing the uses of water in the holy city of Karbala during the
fortieth visit.
3- Analyzing the aspects of water uses during the forty-day visit and
determining the volume of wasteful uses of water and classifying them
according to their dependence on water.
4- Knowing the aspects of wasting water during the forty visit.
5- Focusing on the most prominent ways to rationalize water
consumption in the holy city of Karbala by submitting proposals in the
light of the study results to help alleviate the pressure on drinking water
sources in the city during the fortieth visit.
As for the study area, it is equipped with potable water from (4) mai
projects and (4) water pools, the amount of water produced in it during
the visit of forty (304,433 m 3 / day), while the average productivity
during the year (335333 m 3 / day) in 2314 with Per capita (390 liters /
day). As these projects depend on feeding them on the Euphrates River,
the city’s only water source that serves all neighborhoods of the holy city
of Karbala, whose population reached (665,514) people in 2314. In
addition to visitors coming to the city of Karbala from inside and outside
Iraq to visit the shrine of the master of martyrs (peace be upon him.)
The study concluded that the amount of water used in the holy city of
Karbala during the visit of forty was estimated at (304,433 m 3 / day)
beingused in various aspects, most notably bathing, personal hygiene,
B
ablution, cooking, dishwashing, washing clothes, and washing floors as
well as other household uses,
The percentages of water used for each of these uses differ. The water use
rates for Husayniyat for bathing and personal hygiene are (39.53),
drinking (4%), cooking (21.53), washing utensils and vegetables (103),
and washing clothes (143). ), And the rates of water use in the Husseinite
processions for showering and personal hygiene were (103), drinking
(11.5), cooking (33.53), washing (203), filling of coolers (2.53), and
washing clothes (4.53), The water use rates in tourist hotels for bathing
and personal hygiene were (303), drinking (43), cooking (0.53), washing
utensils and vegetables (53), Washing corridors (0.53) and washing
clothes (353), as well as the rates of water use in residential units, which
were estimated for bathing and personal hygiene at (36.263), drinking
(5.453), cooking (9.263), washing utensils and vegetables (25.233) ),
Watering the garden of the house (2.113), washing the corridors of the
house (4.223) and washing clothes (10.303). The study area also
witnessed a marked increase in the rates of waste and water depletion
caused by a number of cultural factors for the study community and the
high rates of total population growth in the region corresponding to A
continuous increase in the number of visitors and the lack of alternative
water sources On surface water, in addition to the licenses for the price of
the produced water, weak government control over the collection of funds
corresponding to water production and less use of modern methods that
reduce water losses, which led to a high rate of water losses, and
therefore it is necessary to find appropriate means to manage water, deal
with it and rationalize Using them to reduce the rates of waste and water
losses generated by the misuse of water, by following some practical
steps that come at the forefront of which is to educate the community in
establishing a culture of rationalizing the use of water on the one hand
and the difficulty in obtaining it and scarcity on the other hand Z.