الأوقاف العامة في مدينة كربلاء 1921 – 1958 (دراسة تأريخية)

Rp- The General Endowments in the City of Karbala 1921-1958 (Historical Study).pdf

Abstrat :-
Studying the subject of the endowments is considered one of the important topics that are related to the human, cultural and ideological heritage of the population of Iraq in general and the inhabitants of the holy cities in particular, as the spiritual (religious) aspects interact with the social, cultural and economic aspects , as well as Its effect and reflection on the political and administrative performance of the institutions based on it, so this study titled (General Endowments in Karbala 1921-1958 Historical Study) came to highlight on the endowments and dedications in the borders of sacred old holy city that It was distinguished from other Iraqi cities by the abundance of its endowments, , and to clarify the role that is performed by the establishment , which was the main reason that encourages me to write in this subject .
The study was written according to the historical scientific research that is based on historical events and trying to analyze it .Based on that , the study is divided in to an introduction, a historical entry, three chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction explained the reasons that encourage the researcher to write in this subject , while the historical entry explained generally the endowments reality in Iraq and particularly since the Since the Mongol (Ilkhani) and Ottoman eras , where the first administration of endowments was established in Karbala in 1885, as well as the reality of The endowments in Karbala during the era of the British occupation for the period 1914-1921 too .
As for the first chapter that is marked by ( the administration of endowments, donations , laws and financial affairs for the period 1921-1958, which included three topics, the first topic dealt with the administrative structure of the Ministry of Endowments , as for the second topic, it was specified to talking about the laws, regulations, and instructions related to the management of endowments and donations that were issued during the period (1921-1958), while the third topic referred to the Karbala Endowment Directorate and its administrative and organizational reality during the period 1921-1958, and the tasks of its departments and activities in the management of endowments of all kinds, as well as a reference to financial affairs.
As for the second chapter, it dealt with the reality of the endowments ( two Husseiniya shrines And the Abbasid honorees, shrines, and the task that the Directorate of Awqaf Karbala dealt with ), where the first section dealt with the purified Husseini shrine and the steps of its reconstruction and development, while the second section referred to the honorable Abbasid shrines ,as well as the third section referred to everything related to the al-Abbas’s holy shrine and the concerns and reconstructions that occurred to it, as for the third topic, it dealt with the holy shrines and shrines and other endowment services embraced by the city of Karbala, including endowed religious schools and libraries.
As for the third chapter, which was devoted to the study of endowments that were concerned with worship and religious matters and their institutions, such as hussainiyas, mosques and other endowments such as homes, shops, orchards, khans, bathrooms, etc., this chapter included three sections, the first of it referred to the endowed hussainiyas during the period 1921-1958, while the second section referred The mosques that are endowed during that period as well, while the third section was devoted to refer to houses, shops and orchards as well as other endowments such as watering cans, and the topic did not neglect the endowments that did important roles in public life such as sanitary ware, cashews and others.
In my study, I relied on a number of sources. Foremost among them came the published and unpublished Iraqi documents that are preserved in the Library of the Books and Documents House in Baghdad. The number of these photocopied files reached (23), and these files contained (805) documents and pages. And the other part of the documents was obtained from the Kashif Al-Ghita Public Library in Najaf, and its number reached (80) documents. The endowment documents and arguments were also obtained from the Institutions Division and the Endowments Division in the Karbala Endowments Directorate, and their number reached (145) documents. (81) of them were specialized in Husseiniyat, mosques and schools, while (64) of them were specialized in homes, shops, orchards, etc., and the documents published by the Karbala Center for Studies and Research affiliated with the Holy Husseiniya Shrine were within the publications of (Karbala Civilization Encyclopedia), Not only that, but the study also relied on a number of academic studies represented by theses, dissertations, and university research. However, it was relatively few, because the issue of endowments, especially in the city of Karbala, did not receive adequate attention from historians and documentaries during the study period. The most prominent and oldest of the books is (The Pursuit of the Nobles in the History of Karbala) by its author, the sadden of the Husseiniya shrine, Abd al-Hussein al-Kalidar Al Tohme, who took charge of the custodianship during that period and experienced it and lived it, as well as the books of the historian Salman Hadi Al Tohme, including my book (Karbala’s Heritage) and (Karbala’s Mosques and Husseiniyas) and the Encyclopedia of Karbasi and books For authors from the people of Karbala, such as the historian Saeed Rashid Zmizm, and personal interviews contributed to strengthening the study information.
The researcher faced some difficulties while writing this study, most notably the loss of many documents and records related to this period, and this was a result of the historical events and circumstances that Iraq went through, including the events of 1991 and the American occupation in 2003, as the Karbala Endowment Directorate did not spare the destruction of what is available. There are documents in them, and it is worth noting that some of these documents were damaged by virtue of their age, and the researcher was able to collect the meanings of their words. Another difficulty that the researcher faced was the lack of sources that dealt with this aspect, since most of them focused on the political, economic and social aspects, and the endowments did not gain importance. enough for her.
Finally, I do not claim perfection for this study of mine. Perfection belongs to God alone, but it suffices me that I have succeeded in presenting an academic scientific study that may provide our historical libraries with information about the modern and contemporary history of Iraq in general and the history of the city of Karbala and its endowments and endowments in particular.
God grants success
Researcher