الابعاد الجيوبولتيكية لهشاشة المدن (مدينة كربلاء انموذجاً)

Rp- The Geopolitical Dimensions of the Cities Brittleness: Kerbala City as a Model. pdf

Abstract:
Studying cities brittleness has great interest as a geographical phenomenon that the geographer studies concerning its establishment, growth, development, internal structure, and problems. This means that the city forms the applied field of geography relating to place. Since the city environment forms the most changeable geographical environment is considered applicable model for what human arose in his geographical environment including building, construction, and change.
Cities currently represent centers of the political, economic, and social power, as well, places of control and creativity, where great sums of money are invested in it. Cities, also witness high growth population averages that have never been happened before. Cities also represent economic gatherings, buildings transportation and telecommunication nets, and data sources, as a result, the city indeed is regarded an environment that human made it for himself by himself.
Since the city is made by human that is a shelter for various genders, races, talents, and fields, it studied through different fields including geographers, cities planners, anthropologists, engineering, policy, and economic scientists, each one according to his accurate specialization.
The city that is exposed to many fall downs and obstacles in its functions was described by a number of terms as the brittle city. This term is widely spread to describe the failed, collapsed, weak, and unstable or crisis city. This term is also connected with no active or disabled city, which cannot introduce the basic services and requirements of population.
Based on that, the researcher took the topic” The Geopolitical Dimensions of the Cities Brittleness: Kerbala City as a Model” as a title for his thesis that adopted the analytical approach to analyze the past of the city and to present solutions for the present problems. The functional approach clarified the functions that the city performs on the internal and external levels; in addition to the historical approach to know the hierarchical time for events and crises that the city passed through.
The main problem of the study is represented by the following question: what does brittleness mean? Does Kerbala city suffer from brittleness in services and functions that are presented to its inhabitants? The study hypothesized that Kerbala city is not brittle in the sense that one can say that it does not have principles that enable it to continue or lead to its complete collapse; rather it suffers from brittleness due to some of the political, security, economic and social causes resulted from mismanaging, disorganization, and all types of corruption.
The study aims at knowing reasons and factors that caused brittleness of Kerbala city socially, politically, economically, and security, as well putting solutions and treatments that deal with or reduce the brittle situation that the city suffers from when these solutions were taken into consideration by the city authorities.
The study was divided into introduction and four chapters. The first chapter studies the conceptual framework of brittle cities, causes of their brittleness, and elements of brittleness, beside, studying principles or success factors of flexible cities. The second chapter causes of brittleness in Kerbala city and the conclusions resulted on. The third chapter continued reasons of the city brittleness. The fourth chapter was about solutions and treatments for the brittleness in Kerbala city. The city ended with a group of results and recommendations as well a list of references and bibliographies.