التباين المكاني للتركيب التعليمي في محافظة كربلاء (دراسة في جغرافية السكان)

The spatial variation of education structure in Kerbala Governorate(( a study in population Geography))

This study is aiming at recognizing the education structure and the most variables that influencing  the educational  structure  differences to the population of Karbala province , and exploring the variation factor of that structure among  the administrative units, also recognizing the changes that happened to the educational structure between the years(2003-2013) related to the study area, especially  after the events of 2003. Thus this study is considered of most significant in discovering the distribution of the areas of educational levels using many scientific methods that are depending on the field study, which is including Institution providing this service, In addition to using several statistical means like(Standard Equation).

This study shows that there is a variation in school enrollment ratio for male students ,amounted  at (27%) and female students rated at (2,1%) for the primary stage of the academic year (2003-2004) and a decrease in their rate to (4.3%) for males ,and ( 3,7%) for females for the academic year (2003-2004), with a decrease in the school  enrollment ratio for female students to (2,4%) at secondary stage in comparison with the rate of male amounted at (3,9%) for the academic year (2003-2004) with continuous increasing in  the  male rate to (8,4%) in comparison  with the female that is amounted at (6,3%) for the academic year (2012-2013) with an increase of enrollment ratio for females who joined  the university education and post graduate studies.

The study shows also a huge increase of illiteracy at cities in comparison with  Countryside  for all Administrative Units due to shortage of services at Karbala s countryside ,in addition to decrease in the rate of illiterate at Karbala from (23,8%) to (20,4%) for the period of (2003-2013). The study also found a variation in the rate of failure and leakage at the Primary ,  Secondary and University and technology education at Karbala province, we found that their rate increase at secondary stage in comparison with the rest of stages whereas their rate amounted at (21,4%) of flunking and (16,6%) for Dropout in comparison with primary Education that their rate is amounted at (15,7%) of flunking and (5,5%) for Dropout.

The study clarifies the decrease of educational  level rate according to the sort of education especially Bachelor degree and postgraduate levels, in addition a higher increase of the people who has the primary certificate and up at cities in comparison to countryside areas between (2003-2013).

The study clarifies also increasing of educational levels at Karbala province center for the period(2003-2013) and grand decrease of  educational levels rate at AEN AL-TAMOUR District for the same period.

This study also recognized the distance and time that students need to go forth and back forth from the educational institution , University or Institute back to their homes .the study explains the vacillation of people environment distribution in Cities and Countryside at Karbala province ,and Distribution of employees rate within the province and the correlation between these factors and student joining and acquiring certification.