التخليق وفعالية التحطيم الضوئي لمتراكب نانوي نيكل- زنك فريت واختباره في انحلال الدم

Synthesis and Photodecolarization Activity of Nickel and Zinc Ferrite Nanocompesites and their Blood Hemolysis Test

This work includes four main parts. The first part illustrates the preparation of two spinels as photocatalysts: first spinal NiFe2O4 and second spinal ZnFe2O4 in presence of the (hexamine) as a capping agent, using the co-precipitation method. This method was supported using the solvothermal method in ethanol at a temperature 180 °C for 90 min. The composite Zn-NiFe2O4 was prepared by incorporating the first and second spinel using ultrasound techniuqe as a simple and environmentally friendly method.
The second part included the measurement of the properties of all prepared photocatalysts using the (FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX) techniques.The FTIR spectra showed the octahedral and tetrahedral locations of metals and iron for all the prepared. Based on XRD analysis, the spinel NiFe2O4, spinel ZnFe2O4 and Zn-NiFe2O4 composite are having nano-sizes of 20.13 nm, 16.98 nm, and 28.82 nm, respectively. The SEM analysis gave an idea of the surface shape of the prepared photocatalysts. The shape of the spinel NiFe2O4 is like broccoli as well as the composite Zn-NiFe2O4, and the spinel ZnFe2O4 is like cauliflower, with particle sizes for the first spinel 30.67 nm, the second spinel 27.78 nm and the composite 40.19 nm, and all the studied samples are considered as nanocrystals. Through the EDX spectra demonstrated that the elements Ni, Zn, Fe and O are found in prepared samples. The Tauc equation was used to find all kinds of band gaps for the studied photocatalysts. The band gaps are indirect for all samples, and the values of the energy gaps were 2.05 eV, 2.15 eV and 1.56 eV for the spinel NiFe2O4, the spinel ZnFe2O4 and the composite Zn-NiFe2O4, respectively.
The third part focused on the ability of prepared photocatalysts to remove alkaline blue 4B dye by paying attention to study the effect of various factors on dye removal. These factors include mass of the catalyst, temperature and the initial pH. The results demonstrated that the highest color removal of the dye is obtained at doses equal to 0.025 g/100mL, 0.025 g/100mL and 0.015 g/100mL using the photocatalysts NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 and the composite Zn-NiFe2O4, respectively. The range of temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 35) oC were applied, when the effect of high temperature on the efficiency of the chromatic removal of the dye for the first and second spinel and composite, this proves that the reaction is endothermic and not spontaneous. The value of the activation energy of photoreaction using the spinel NiFe2O4 is less than the activation energy values of using the composite Zn-NiFe2O4 and the spinel ZnFe2O4, which are (10.787, 23.696 and 47.689) kJ mol-1, respectively. It was also found that the best pH to removal of the dye for all photocatalytic samples was at 7.
The fourth part, the prepared spinel samples were applied in the hemolysis test by taking 60 samples from healthy and non-smokers donor using different doses of NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4 and Zn-NiFe2O4 that equal to 0.025 g/mL, 0.025 g/mL and 0.015 g/mL, respectively.