التقنيات الحديثة وأثرها في زراعة وإنتاج النخيل في محافظة كربلاء

The Modern Techniques and their Impact on Planting and Producing Dates Palms in Karbala Province

The technological progress in planting and producing the date palms is considered one of the main reasons that encouraged raising the production level in the planting and increasing date palms projects. Therefore, the use of the most modern techniques in date palms planting processes became one of the exchanged discourse topics that has a wide spread echo among the productive projects of date palms on the international level in general, and on Kerbala province level in particular. Thus, the current study came to identify the impact that the modern technology has on date palms planting under the title” The Modern Techniques and their impact on Planting and Producing Dates Palms in Kerbala Province”.
The current study tried to mix several modern approaches and connect with them more than one scientific domain that contains what the modern technology means and what this domain intends. The researcher found that agricultural techniques insert in all processed of the date palm service such as plowing, irrigation ways, and tissue culture. The geographical view is considered the center of this study through its tackling the role of the geographical factors 9 the natural and the human), knowing their influence on the use of these techniques in planting date palms, for the location and area, climate elements, hands, and the agricultural policies all have a prominent role in the use and application of the modern techniques in planting date palms in the study area.
The study also sheds the light on the governmental and invested projects on the province level where the modern techniques were applied. However, every project tries to achieve certain goals such as developmental goals and environmental goals in order to plant the desert area and to change it a green oasis to control over desertification, this is beside the main searching guided target to help farmers and direct them to use the agricultural techniques in planting date palms.
The study connected with the engineering specialization, the irrigation engineering in particular in order to design an irrigation table two projects of date palms planting that use the dropping way in irrigation. One of them lies in the plain region ( muddy soil), it is the project of Al Husseinyah date palms station The second lies within desert region ( sandy soil), it is farms development project .Choosing these two projects to design irrigation schedule springs from the difference basis in the soil quality from one side, and the similarity in adopted irrigation method from the other side. It is worth to mention that both projects did not produce an irrigation schedule depending on the agricultural reasons; that’s why the researcher was obliged to design an irrigation schedule and consider it a presumed schedule for both projects.
This part of the study interferes with an important side of the agricultural studies, that is soil physics in order to know some of the soil physical properties with a style that combined between the field work and laboratory work, where several laboratory investigations were done so as to find soil texture, water content in the soil, bulk density, and field capacity according to the American Society for Testing Material depending on the standard ASTM D 1556 for the year 1964 by analyzing 5 samples of Al Husseinyah date palms station and 3 samples of farms development project.
The study was done through the computer program ( CROPWAT 8.0) suggested from Food and Agricultural Organization ( FAO) to design the two project irrigation schedule after inserting the required data where the mathematical formulas were applied to limit the pure irrigation depth, the total irrigation amount, the number if irrigation processes per month, and the duration between irrigation processes for both projects. Also, limiting the needed water amount of date palms depends on the climate data for thirty years for 1990 to 2020, for the duration period matched with program formula. After the comparison of the suggested scheduled results with the hypothetical schedule results in the project of Al Husseinyah date palms station, The researcher concluded that there is water wastage at Nakheel Al-Hussainiya plant and a loss in the total irrigation volume in the orchards development project of date palms In addition to an increase in the number of irrigations in each project compared to the irrigations specified in the proposed scheduling, and this causes disruption in the work of irrigation systems and their accessories, in addition to the low productive efficiency of palm trees and their exposure to diseases resulting from the increase or shortage of irrigation quantities.