الجرائم و عقوباتها في العصر الفاطمي للمدة (297ـ 358هـ-909-968م)

Crimes and their Punishment in Maghreb during the Fatimid Dynasty (from to 297 to 358 H. - 909 to 968 A.D.)

Abstract

ِFatimid dynasty land was subjected to political crimes, cities’ rebellion and disobedience to the state since its establishment in Arab Maghreb land ( 297H./ 909A.D.). These engaged the rulers’ promises and causes a lot of financial and human crises for the Fatimid dynasty followed the Shia Ismaili faith. It raised in a society that consists of Berber who are extremely loyal to the Maliki faith and some follow the kharijites. So, they differ from Ismaili faith; that’s why it was difficult to convince people to the Fatimid dynasty faith and it couldn’t get footing in Maghreb cities, where both Tahart and Sijilmasa rejected the Fatimid ruling after a short time from conquer. Rulers belong to kharijites controlled over their people. The two cities were in insurrection till moving the Fatimid ruling to Egypt.
The thesis was divided into an introduction, a preface and three chapters, and the presented thesis was topped by a brief definition of the topic, the motives that motivated me to study the topic, the objectives of studying the topic, the method of the scientific research method used in writing the thesis, and the sources and references that I relied on in collecting data.
The preamble discussed the concept of crime and punishment, as we explained in it the concept of crime in language and terminology, as well as the concept of punishment, its legitimacy and types.
As for the first chapter, it dealt with (the establishment of the Fatimid state in Morocco) and was divided into two sections. The first talked about the political conditions of the Islamic Maghreb prior to the establishment of the Fatimid state and about the states that ruled that region such as the Saffarid state, the Mudarari state, the Aghlabids and the Idrisids, while the second topic was concerned with the emergence of the Fatimid state in the Islamic Maghreb. In it, we discussed the stages of spreading the Ismaili da’wa in the Maghreb, as well as the policy of the Fatimid Caliphs to consolidate their authority in Morocco.
As for the second chapter (political crimes), it was divided into three sections, the first dealt with the crimes of slander and the crimes that occurred after the killing of the Shiite preacher, and the second section concerned the crimes of treason against the state and the tyranny of the rulers, leaders and servants, and the third topic dealt with the rebellion of the rulers and leaders in power.
As for the third chapter, it explained (social, sectarian, and economic crimes), and it was divided into three sections. The first included social crimes, in which he talked about the most famous crimes that afflicted Moroccan society, including bandits, selling alcohol, slave crimes and other social crimes. The second topic studied the sectarian conflict between the Malikis and the Ismailis. And the crimes that resulted from this conflict, and the third topic included economic crimes, indicating the economic conditions that afflicted the Islamic Maghreb and were one of the reasons that prompted the occurrence of some crimes.