العوامل الجغرافية واثرها في ظهور الآفات الحديثة في بساتين قضاء الحسينية

Rp-The Geographical Factors and their Impact in Appearance of Modren Pests in Al Husseiniya District Orchards .pdf

Abstract:
The current study defines the agricultural situation that aims at knowing the impact of the natural and human factors in emerging the Modren Pests in Al Husseiniya district which were 55 districts. It was relied on the climate data of that area, the researcher’s field work, and the results that he concluded data concerning plants diseases and pests that were represented the damage percentage in a large number of districts such as Um Garager district, Al wind district, Al Shetah district, Al Salhiya district, Al Layeh district, and Al Haswa district, for they are samples that represent other districts. This is in addition to the differences in production of fruits and citrus among these districts. Al Layeh district has high outcome and Um garager and Al Haswa districts have middle outcome; while Al wind, Al Shetah, and Al Salhiya districts have low outcome.
The current study is considered a vital topic concerns modern pests and causes of its spread in the last years that negatively affects the agricultural process. The study contained an introduction, a theoretical guide, and four chapters in the light of emerging these pests in Al Husseiniya District and what relates to the natural side or human one, which is in turn, have negative effects, the matter that causes decrease the average of fruits and citrus trees products due to the modern pests or spreading diseases and jungle, and its hypothesis for the geographical factors have a big role in spreading modern pests and their reflection on the quantity and quality of the agricultural product. The natural factor took part in controversy of types of the modern pests that affect the agricultural product in the area of the study especially the human factors that the area of the study witnessed which had great role in spreading modern pests. The main aim of this study is to know the most important modern pests which is considered the most dangerous problem that face the agricultural product during the last years, from 2015 to 2022, beside the treatment and reporting the future orientations in order to carry out the best devices and styles used to protect the agricultural product. The speed of trees spoiling in Al Husseiniya District Orchards and decrease of quick production are the noticeable points to the ganger of this kind of pests, and the excuses that evoked the researcher to this study as well the method that the researcher relied on in the research and study. Then, place and boundaries of the area of the study and the scientific terms used were limited in the research beside the previous studies.
The first chapter included the natural factors and their impact in emerging these pests in the area of the study (location, surface, climate, water resources, soil). The study reached the impact of some climate factors concerning their decrease of agricultural products represented by fruits and citrus, lowering the quality of their effect. This is in addition to the shortage and oscillation of the falling rain, increasing and decreasing of temperature, sunlight, form of air humidity, earth humidity, wind, dust storms, water resources, and knowing the soil physical and chemical properties.
The second chapter contained the human factors and its impact in emerging the modern pests. The most important thing that the study reached is that human factors have a big role in lowering production of these orchards, lowering of fruits quality, and decrease of quality, for the factor of crumbling the agricultural possession is considered one of the hardest factors that destroy the agricultural lands that is caused by two elements. The first element relates to dividing the land to distribute on the family member while the second is the intention of orchards owners to divide the land to sell as housing land, as a result to get profits which are higher than the economic feedback that the farmers gains from agriculture. This causes the smallness the agricultural possession. This in turn leads to careless and ignorance of land. Besides governmental support shortage and the extent of the role significance that the government do including availability of agricultural equipment as fertilizers, seeds, insecticides, and the agricultural machines to encourage farmers for taking farming as a craft, and this causes raising the economic outcome but in reality we didn’t touch and role for the government in this respect.
The third chapter contained pests and agricultural diseases in the area of the study according to their types, geographical distribution, their farms, their climate requirements, spreading these modern pests, speed of growth, their production, their lethargy Phase and their impact on the agricultural products as fruits and citrus. The study also mentioned the disease pests that affect orchard of the area of the study by other pests through jungle and rodents.
The fourth chapter stated the statistical analysis of spreading these pests through finding the multiple coefficient factor among factors of soil, water, and percentage of infection by this pest. It also included the results that the researcher reached at as well the recommendations that presented to serve and develop the horticulture Products represented by fruits and citrus in the area of the study in order to keep growth principles of this agricultural and to improve its production to apply the increasing local market demand.