الفحص الإشعاعي والسمي للعينات البيولوجية لمرضى سرطان الرئة

Radiological and Toxicological Investigation of Biological Samples in Lung Cancer Patients

Lung cancer LC is one of the most dangerous cancers worldwide. Early diagnosis of the disease contributes to better treatment. Many genetic, environmental, and occupational factors are linked to the incidence of this disease.
The present study aims to use the clinical data of LC patients along with the spectroscopic criteria and biochemical parameters for potential use as diagnostic biomarkers for LC disease. The present study consists of statistical analysis and practical experiments on lung cancer patients.
The patient’s medical reports and sera were collected for physical and chemical analysis using various spectroscopic techniques. One hundred and seventy lung cancer patients and 90 healthy subjects participated in the study. The separated sera from all samples were analyzed using various spectroscopic techniques, including Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD).
The statistical study results show that the highest value for the Lung cancer prevalence rate was recorded in the Hindia region at 66.16% and the lowest value in the Al-Khairat region at 16.04%. The highest values of all cases were in the city center (51.3%) and the lowest in the Al-Husaniyah region (13.1%). The number of Lung cancer patients has increased to 298, with a rate of 44.04 cases per 100,000 people, which indicates a serious lung cancer situation in Karbala city. FTIR analyses of sera showed that the absorbance of patients with lung cancer is greater than that of healthy people. In addition, it was found that some functional groups were lost from the spectra of patients, in addition to more spectral shifts in patients than the spectra of healthy people, which could be used in the early diagnosis of diseases. AAS spectroscopic results revealed a higher serum zinc than the healthy females (1247.02 PPb) and the lowest level in the female group of patients (531.54 PPb). Serum copper was higher in the male patient’s group (218.59 PPb) and the lowest in the group of healthy females (152.45 PPb). The highest levels of lead are in male patients (13.40 PPb) and the lowest in healthy males (5.38 PPb). Serum cadmium was the highest in female patients (123.74 PPb) and the lowest value recorded in healthy male subjects (14.02 PPb). The results of the SSNTD technique reported that the radiation obtained from the radon gas in the samples was higher in LC patients than in the controls.
The calculated uranium, radium, and radon levels in LC patients were higher than in the control group. From the measured parameters and clinical data results, it can be concluded that spectroscopic methods and biochemical changes in sera may potentially diagnose LC.