اوضاع التعليم في سوريا 1971-1985 (( دراسة تاريخية ))

Rp- Learning Situations in Syria from 1971 to 1985: A Historical Study.pdf

Learning is considered one of the basic principle that rise and development of society rely on. Thus, the educational sector in Syria during the Syrian president Hafidh Al Asad had witnessed continuous work and an increasing effort to create cooperation with society in the learning sector. So, Syrian government worked hard to carry out the educational cooperation with the educational institutes through participating in the symposiums, meetings, and the educational conferences that ministry of education held with other educational institutes in order to develop learning inside Syria and to raise Syrian people in a way that accord the international scientific development. Besides, learning in Syrian forms the cornerstone in human development, as well, it has a main role in building a productive work power, and performs an important role in bringing up generations on patriotism, rights, duties, mind improvement that help in building and development process because learning is the basic base for the social and economic progress in Syria.
The thesis material included introduction, a preface, three chapters, and conclusion. The preface was entitled “situations in Syria since the end of Ottoman era until independence 1946”. The first chapter was entitled “learning situations in Syria from 1946 to 1971″, it was distributed into three sections. The first section tackled statistics about schools, universities, number of schools, and a number of students. The second section discussed the educational policy that was adopted in education and learning. The third section was about the political situations in Syria and their reflection on learning before 1971. The second chapter presented the political situations during reaching Hafidh Al Asad to power. It has two sections. The first section was about learning development during the first period of Hafidh Al Asad (1971- 1978). The second section mentioned statistics about number of schools, universities, students, and new curriculum that entered learning in accord with old curriculum and number of schools. The third chapter which is entitled ” learning during the second period of Hafidh Al Asad ( 1978- 1985) has three sections. The first section stated learning progress during the second period of Hafidh Al Asad ( 1978- 1985) , universities, schools, teachers, and its reflection on the government policy and the extent of its inference with learning. The second section mentioned the curriculum and its reflection on the government policy and the extent of its inference with learning. The third section was about the administrative system of learning in the ministry of education and learning. The study ended with results, suggestions, and recommendations.
The study relied on a number of references such as the published Arabic documents issued from statistics of Syrian ministry of education and Syrian planning municipality and other published documents that supplied the thesis with information related to the situations in Syria and some Syrian state documents that participated with information was exploited in the thesis chapters which enriched the thesis with significant information.
University dissertations and theses contributed with principle information including thesis of the researcher Ibrahim Ahmed Ali Al Qasir and others, a comparative study of learning system in teachers preparing institutes of the compulsory stage in Syria and Jordan, a thesis by the researcher Enayat Ibrahim Al Zayid, development of the educational and health services in Syria Arab republic that the researcher Ala Mahmoud Mesoud used in his thesis, Syrian ministry of education, dissertation of the researcher ( Lemya’ Malik Abdul keream Al Shimeri ) Hafidh Al Asad and his role military and political role in Syria from 1970 to 1985, and other important thesis and dissertation.
The Arabic Publishing and printed materials supplied the study with important information such as the author Ahmed ali Ken’an, quality indicators in higher education college of education in Syria Arab republic as a model, the author Hussein Selamah, the self-administration and decentralism in learning, the author Semihah abdul memead Al Merhish, learning in Syria and its critical problems, in addition to the Arabized books such as by the author Khalid Qartoush, learning in Syria: its establishment and progress translated by Nezar Abadha and the author Patrick Cell, Al Asad and the conflict in Middle East translated by the general institute of studies, publishing, and distribution, and a number of English books as A. Hourani, Syria and Lebanon, a political essay.
Books of encyclopedias and references presented important definition material for characters and some events as the encyclopedias of the author Bewab Sulaiman seleam, encyclopedias of well-known Syrian figures in Twentieth century / the political encyclopedia of Syria: the structure and the builders/ state university ( 1918 – 2005).
Periodicals enriched the thesis with the enhanced scientific material such as culture journal, Al Omran journal, Al Nethear journal and others. This is in addition to the published researches and journals including the study of the researcher Nadir Qebani and others, problems of supporting the higher education concerning joining and equating in Syria, the researcher Mahmoud Al Seyed, the educational system in Syria: reality, challenges, and growth, the researcher Adnan Al Amean, towards Arabic atmosphere for higher education, the global challenges and the societal responsibilities, and other published researches. The journals had their contribution due to their accompanying events and accidents including Syrian journals represented by the official newspaper, Al Ba’th newspaper, the capital newspaper, Teshrean newspaper, and Al Thawra newspaper, and a number of other newspapers for these newspapers presented a bold detailed analytical material about the Syrian learning during the reign of Hafidh Al Asad, the most important development and influence of the changes on Syrian society.
Beside to what was mentioned before, the internet was employed in number of clarifying margins that the research was searching carefully in dates, months, and years. The researcher faced many difficulties and the most prominent one relating to the rareness of neutral references that talked about the president’s life Hafidh Al Asad, his most important works for learning, as well as shortage of time. Nevertheless, the researcher tried to overcome those difficulties by spending effort to obtain significant information in learning and about the contribution of the president’s life Hafidh Al Asad in the field of learning.