تأثير الرش الورقي بالسماد النانوي في بعض الصفات الفسلجية لصنفين من الرمان تحت ظروف الإجهاد الملحي

Effect of foliar spraying with nano-fertilizers on some physiological traits of two pomegranate cultivars under salt stress conditions

Abstract:-
The research was conducted in the plant canopy of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering – College of Agriculture – University of Karbala for the period from the beginning of March to October 2022, with the aim of knowing the effect of spraying with nano-fertilizers on the tolerance of two varieties of pomegranate seedlings to salt stress. The first factor was the variety (Wonderful, Slimy). The second factor is spraying with a combination of nano-fertilizers.
With a concentration of (0 + Optimus plus 0 IQ combi and 1 ml liter -1 Optimus plus + 0.5 gm L -1 IQ combi and 1.5 ml L -1 Optimus plus + 1 gm L -1 IQ combi). The third factor is irrigation with three concentrations. Different saline (1.7, 5 and 10 ds.m -1) The results were analyzed statistically using the Genstat statistical analysis program, and the averages were compared using the least significant difference (L.S.D) under the probability level of 0.05.
The results can be summarized as follows:
1- The cultivar Wanderfel outperformed the cultivar Salimi in all vegetative and root traits and most of the chemical traits, and the highest rate was recorded in height of 99.670 cm, stem diameter 3.721 mm, number of leaves 225,000 leaves. Seedling-1, leaf area 5.206 cm2, fresh weight of vegetative total 62.080 gm and The fresh weight of the root system is 18.266 gm, the dry weight of the shoot is 23.74 gm, the dry weight of the root system is 8.551 gm, the root length is 55.852 cm, and the content of leaves in each of chlorophyll is 47.943, carbohydrates (8.849%), proline (7.972 mg.gm-1) and phosphorus (0.275%), potassium (1.664%), calcium (1.118%), zinc (37.726%) and iron (112.900%).
recording the highest rates for proline 10.823 mg gm-1 and Sodium 1.200% and chloride 1.171%.
While the cultivar Salimi excelled in some chemical characteristics and recorded the highest rate, which is the content of the leaves in each of nitrogen (1.945%), sodium (0.801%) and chloride (1.038%).
2- The treatment with a combination of nanofertilizer at a concentration of (1.5 ml liter -1 Optimus plus + 1 g liter -1 IQ combi) showed significant superiority in all the following vegetative and root traits (plant height 106.810 cm, stem diameter 3.898 mm, leaf area 4.924 cm 2 and weight The fresh weight of the shoot is 67.610 gm, the fresh weight of the rootstock is 20.303 gm, the dry weight of the shoot is 24.930 gm, the dry weight of the rootstock is 8.389 gm, and the length of the root is 59,000 cm). Except for the number of leaves, the concentration was superior to (1 ml.l-1 Optimus plus + 0.5 gm l-1 IQ combi), giving (231,300 leaves. seedlings-1). As for the chemical properties, the treatment was superior to the concentration (1.5 ml l-1 Optimus plus + 1 gm liter – 1 IQ combi) was significant in most of the traits, and it was recorded (the content of the leaves of chlorophyll 49.040, carbohydrates (9.397%), nitrogen (2.270%), phosphorus (0.332%), potassium (2.017%) and calcium (1.262%) ) and zinc (39.815%) and iron (115.250%), while the treatment with concentration (1 ml L-1 Optimus plus + 0.5 g L-1 IQ combi) gave the highest rate in the leaf content of proline (8.269 mg g-1) and sodium (1.077%) and chloride (1.029%).
3- Irrigation with water with electrical conductivity (1.7 ds.m -1) resulted in obtaining the highest rates for all the vegetative and root growth characteristics, as the plant height was 119.110 cm, the stem diameter was 4.595 mm, the number of leaves was 297,100 leaves. Seedling-1, and the leaf area was 5.439 cm2. The fresh weight of the vegetative total is 72.090 gm, the fresh weight of the root total is 21.532 gm, the dry weight of the vegetative total is 27.600 gm, the dry weight of the root total is 9.794 gm, and the root length is 65.361 cm. Phosphorus 0.355%, potassium 1.982%, calcium 1.413%, zinc 44.774 mg.kg and iron 124.440 mg.kg, while irrigation with conductive water (10 ds.m -1) led to
4-The double and triple interactions between the factors of the study led to a significant and clear superiority in most of the vegetative and root traits compared to the comparison treatment, as the triple interaction treatment (Wonderful and 1.5 ml liter -1 Optimus plus + 1 g liter -1 IQ combi and 1.7 ds.m – 1) It gave the highest average in each of the plant height 138.330 cm, stem diameter 5.013 mm, leaf area 6.196 cm2, fresh weight of the shoot 92.070 gm, fresh weight of the rootstock 26.163 gm, dry weight of the shoot 35.860 gm, and dry weight of the root 11.138 gm and root length 73.167 cm, except for the characteristic of the number of leaves. The triple overlap treatmentWonderful and 1 ml L-1 Optimus plus + 0.5 g L-1 IQ combi and 1.7 ds.m -1) excelled as it gave (333,000 leaves. Seedlings-1 ), and the triple interference treatment (Wonderful and 1.5 ml L-1 Optimus plus + 1 g L-1 IQ combi and 1.7 ds.m -1) excelled. In most of the chemical characteristics, it was recorded for chlorophyll 53.227, carbohydrates 11.473%, nitrogen 2.904%, phosphorus 0.460%, potassium 2.596%, calcium 1.777%, and iron 131.530 mg.kg, while the triple interaction treatment (Slimy and 1.5 ml of Optimus plus 1) excelled. + 1 gm L-1 IQ combi and 1.7 ds.m -1) in the leaf zinc content amounted to 48.780 mg.kg, while the triple overlap treatment (Slimy + 0 Optimus plus + 0 IQ combi and 10 ds.m -1) excelled in giving The highest rates were for sodium 1.823% and chloride 1.360%. As for the triple interaction treatment (Wonderful and 1 ml liter-1 Optimus plus + 0.5 gm liter-1 IQ combi and 10 ds.m -1) the highest rate of proline content was 13.657 mg. g-1.