تأثير الرش بالكاينتين والبوتاسيوم النانوي في تحمل الذرة الصفراء لمستويات ملوحة ماء الري

The effect of Kinetin, Nano potassium spraying in the tolerance of maize to level of irrigation salinity

The pot experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kerbala during 2019-2020 agricultural season order to know the response of the Zea mays L. (Research 106) Growing at different levels of salinity to foliar spraying with kinetin and two types of potassium fertilizer (mineral and nano). The experiment was designed as a factorial experiment using a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor (K) was represented by three treatments of potassium added by spray, which are (0 and 15 mmol. K metal and 15 mmol. K nano), and the second factor (S) was represented by three salt levels, which are (2, 4 and 8) dSm-1, and the third factor (H) is represented by spraying with three concentrations of Kinetin (0, 1 and 2) mg L-1. . Some phenotypic growth traits, some physiological indicators and some yield traits were studied, as well as some nutrients in plant leaves were estimated, as well as the activities of some plant enzymes and hormones during the spring and fall seasons of maize crop. The results were statistically analyzed and the means were compared using the least significant difference with a probability level of 0.05. The study showed the following results: 1- The effect of the kinetin hormone significantly on most of the phenotypic and physiological characteristics, the nutritional status and the activity of some enzymes and plant hormones, except for the height of the plant , the concentration of sodium and the hormone kinetin in the leaves of the spring season. In the fall season, it was not significant in some traits, including the number of leaves, the dry vegetative weight of the plant, And the weight of the eir, the concentration of proline and the abscisic acid hormone, in the leaves. An increase in the characteristics of the yield was observed, including the length of the eir, the weight of 500 grains, the number of grains in the eir and the grain yield. and an increase in the activities of all the studied enzymes in the two season . 2- The effect of spraying with both types of mineral and nano potassium fertilizers was significant on all studied traits of the two season , except for the concentration of sodium and the kinetin hormone in the leaves in the spring season, and the concentration of the absesic acid hormone in the leaves and the dry vegetative weight of the plant in the fall season. An increase was observed in all the phenotypic characteristics and characteristics of the yield of the two season and a decrease in the activities of all the studied enzymes. In the two season. 3-Salinity had a significant effect on all the studied traits of the two season of maize , with the exception of the concentration of sodium for the spring seedlings for the fall season, as it was noticed a decrease in the yield and nutritional traits and an increase in the activities of all the enzymes studied for the two season. 4- The bilateral interactions between spraying with two types of potassium and foliar spraying with kinetin showed a significant effect on some phenotypic and physiological characteristics, nutritional status, and the activity of some enzymes and plant hormones, especially in the fall season. The treatment of spraying with nano-potassium was 15 mmol. K and Kinetin foliar spray 2 mg L-1 It is the best in increasing some phenotypic characteristics, including the dry vegetative weight and the height of the plant in the spring season and some characteristics of the yield, including the weight of the eir, the number of grains per eir, and the grain yield, and some physiological characteristics, including the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves and some nutrients, including the concentration of nitrogen and potassium and the ratio of potassium to sodium in the leaves and the effectiveness of some enzymes and hormones Including the effectiveness of the kinetin hormone in the leaves of the fall season, While we did not get the effect of this interaction on the characteristics of the yield in the spring sown because no grain yield was obtained in this study. 5-The bilateral interactions between foliar spraying with Kinetin and irrigation with water of different salinity showed a significant effect on most of the phenotypic and physiological characteristics, nutritional status and the activity of some plant hormones and enzymes. In increasing the activities of CAT, SOD enzymes for the two season. And activity of the enzyme POD for the fall season. 6-The bilateral interactions between spraying with two types of potassium and irrigation with water of different salinity significantly affected most of the phenotypic and physiological characteristics, nutritional status and some enzymes and plant hormones activity of the spring season . The spray treatment was with nano potassium at a level of 15 mmol.K and the salinity of the water was 2 dSm-1 is the best in increasing some phenotypic traits, including plant height, number of leaves, and some nutrients, including the concentration of phosphorous, the ratio of potassium to sodium in leaves . In the fall season, spraying with nano-potassium and irrigating with water with a salinity of 2 ds.m-1 was the best in increasing number of leaves, leaf area, vegetative dry weight, stem diameter, ear weight, number of grains per eir, weight of 500 grains, and content Chlorophyll, the concentration of phosphorous, potassium, the ratio of potassium to sodium in the leaves, and the kinetin. 7- The triple interactions between spraying with two types of potassium, foliar spraying with kinetin and irrigation with water of different salinity showed a significant effect on most of the studied traits of the spring season. The treatment of spraying with nano-potassium and irrigation with salinity water of 2 dS m-1 and foliar spraying with kinetin 2 mg L-1 was the best in increasing the leaf area, dry weight , both phosphorous and potassium concentration, and the ratio of potassium to sodium in the leaves It reached 469.33 cm2.plant-1 and 71.44 kg. h-1, 0.97%, 2.48%, 1.58. respectivity . As for the fall season , the treatment of spraying with nano potassium and irrigation with water with a salinity of 2 ds m-1 and foliar spraying with Kinetin 2 mg L-1 was It is the best in increasing number of grains per eir and grain yield and the concentration of chlorophyll and potassium and the ratio of potassium to sodium in leaves and the kinetin hormone It reached 236.83 grains. eir-1 2761.5 Kg.h-1 51.92unit spad 2.285% 10.13 0.021 µg.g-1 dry weight respectivity. The treatment of spraying with nano potassium and irrigation with salinity water of 2 dS m-1 and foliar spraying with Kinetin 1 mg L-1 was the best in increasing the number of leaves, eir length, weight of 500 grains, and the concentration of phosphorous in the leaves in the fall season it reached 15.44 leaves.plant-1 and 14.21 cm 118.76 gm and 0.63% respectivity. The treatment of spraying with nano-potassium and irrigation with salinity water of 2 dS m-1 and foliar spraying with Kinetin 0 mg L-1 was the best in increasing high plant in the spring season It reached 111.89cm 16.66leaves.plant-1 and 2.91% respectivity.The treatment represented by not spraying with potassium and irrigating with water with salinity of 8 dSm-1 and foliar spraying with kinetin 2 mg L-1 is the best in increasing the activity of SOD , as it reached 65.43 units. mg protein-1 fresh weight . As for the treatment represented by not spraying with potassium, irrigation with water with salinity of 8 dS m-1 and foliar spraying with kinetin 1 mg L-1, it was the best in increasing the activity of POD enzyme for the spring seasone, as it reached 58.11 units. mg protein-1 fresh weight. In the fall season, the treatment of no spraying with potassium and irrigation with water with a salinity of 8 dS m-1 and foliar spraying with Kinetin 1 mg L-1 was the best in increasing the activity of POD enzyme as it reached 52.09 units. mg protein-1 weight fresh .