تأثير المخصب الحيوي ونقع البذور بحامض الجبرليك والكاينتين في إنبات ونمو شتلات الجوافة

RP- Effect of Biofertilizer and Seed soaking with Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin on Germination and growth of Guava Seedlings.pdf

Abstract:
The study was conducted in a canopy covered with green saran with a shading rate of (50 %) of the intensity of natural light affiliated to the Department of Horticulture and Landscape at the College of Agriculture – University of Kerbala for the period from mid-September of 2022 until June of 2023, to study the effect of Azotobacter biofertilizer, gibberellic acid and kinetin in germination of seeds and growth of guava seedlings Psidium guajava L., where the study included three factors: the first represents the bacterial biofertilizer with two treatments (without and with the inoculated) and the second factor represents gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0, 150 and 300 mg. L-1) and the third factor is the kinetin in three concentrations (0, 25 and 50 mg. L-1), the process of statistical data analysis was conducted for all the studied traits according to the design of the experiment using the SAS program for statistical analysis (2012), and the averages of the treatments were compared statistically according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
The results of the single effect of the biofertilizer showed that the seedlings whose soil was vaccinated with the bacterial biofertilizer were significantly superior in most of the studied germination, phenotypic and physiological characteristics, including (the percentage of germination, the germination energy of seeds within 20 days of germination, the height of seedlings, the number of leaves, the length and diameter of the main root, the dry weight of the shoot, the content of carbohydrates in the leaves, total proteins, total chlorophyll in addition to their nitrogen content, total phenols and peroxidase enzyme activity) at a rate of respectively (32.40 %, 27.31 %, 22.87 cm, 26.51 leaves, 30.21 cm, 2.56 mm, 2.33 g, and 2.80. µg. g-1 dry weight, 12.33 %, and 0.88 mg. g-1 wet weight, 1.98 %, 6.85 % and 16.77 units. Mg-1 fresh weight. min-1) compared to the no-inoculated soil treatment with a bacterial biofertilizer.
The results of the single effect of gibberellic acid showed that the seedlings whose seeds were soaked with a concentration of (300 mg. L-1) were significantly superior in the characteristic of (germination energy during the first 20 days of seed germination, the number of leaves, the dry weight of the shoot, the content of leaves of total phenols, and the activity of the peroxidase enzyme) at a rate of respectively (29.16 %, 26.11 leaves, 2.35 g, 6.85 %, and 16.33 units. Mg-1 fresh weight. Min-1) compared to the non-soaking treatment with gibberellic acid.
The results of the single effect of kinetin showed that there was a significant increase for seedlings whose seeds were soaked with a concentration of (50 mg. L-1) of kinetin in germination, phenotypic and physiological characteristics (the percentage of germination, seedling height, number of leaves, root length, dry weight of shoot and root, relative moisture content and content the leaves of carbohydrates, total proteins, and the content of the leaves of the elements nitrogen and potassium) at a rate of successively (32.63 %, 23.47 cm, 26 leaves, 31.91 cm, 2.44 g, 0.66 g, 71.06 %, 2.88 mg. gm-1 weight dry, 11.54 %, 1.84 %, and 0.70 %) compared to the non-soaking treatment with kinetin.
The results of the tables for the binary interactions between the bacterial biofertilizer and gibberellic acid concentration (300 mg. L-1) recorded a significant superiority in most of the germination and phenotypical characteristics as well as the physiological characteristics, including (percentage of germination, seedling height characteristic, as well as the leaf content of element and phosphorus) an average it was, respectively (40.27 %, 24.78 cm and 2.08 %) Compared to the control treatment.
The two-way interaction treatment between the bacterial biofertilizer and kinetin (50 mg. L-1) achieved significant superiority in most of the studied traits (germination energy during the first 10 days of seed germination, stem diameter, root size), the results also showed a significant superiority in some of its physiological characteristics, including content Guava leaves (total proteins, potassium element, and total phenols) at a rate of (25.00 %, 2.48 mm, 4.0 cm3, 12.84 %, 0.74 % and 0.71 %), respectively compared to the control treatment.
The treatment of binary interaction between gibberellic acid and kinetin had a significant effect on most of the germination, morphological and physiological characteristics, especially at a concentration (300 mg. L-1) of gibberellic acid with a concentration of (50 mg. L-1) of kinetin, including (percentage of seed germination and high Seedlings, main stem diameter, leaves content of total proteins and total chlorophyll) at a rate of (37.50 %, 23.70 cm, 2.35 mm, 11.77 %, and 0.91 mg. gm-1 wet weight) compared to the control treatment.
The triple interaction treatment between the bacterial biofertilizer and the concentration (300 mg. L-1) of gibberellic acid and the concentration (50 mg. L-1) of kinetin recorded significant differences in most studied traits (percentage of germination and energy Germination of guava seeds during the first 10 and 20 days of germination, seedling height, diameter of the main stem, number of leaves, length and diameter of the main root, dry weight of shoot and root system, relative moisture content, content of leaves of carbohydrates and total proteins, content of leaves of chlorophyll a, as well as their content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and total phenols and peroxidase activity) with an increase of (300, 799.92, 233.33, 77.33, 89.53, 49.14, 106.95, 164.06, 126.67, 415.43, 19.60, 18.34, 213.90, 57.47, 213.80, 11.58, 51.63, 63.59, and 141.66 %) compared to the control treatment.