تأثير المستخلص المائي لبذور الرشاد Lepidium sativum على بعض المعايير النسجية والوظيفية ضد التأثيرات السمية المستحثة بمادة نتريت الصوديوم في ذكور الجرذان البيض

Effect of aqueous extract of cress seeds Lepidium sativum on some histological and functional parameters against toxic effects induced by sodium nitrite in male albino rats.

The present study aims to know the effect of the cold aqueous extract of Cress seeds Lepidium sativum with two different concentrations against hepatic and renal damage induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2) (E250) in male white rat by studying some physiological and biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. The dosing process was carried out in the animal house of the College of Pharmacy / University of Karbala. As for the rest of the study steps, it was carried out in the laboratories of the College of Education for Pure Sciences – Department of Life Sciences / University of Karbala for the period from the beginning of September 2020 to the end of November 2020, 36 of the adult white rat were used. Randomly divided into six groups including (6 animals per group), their weights ranged from (200-220) gm and their ages ranged between (12-14) weeks and were dosed orally for 30 days. The first group (G1) dosed 1 ml of distilled water and counted a negative control group. The second (G2) dose of sodium nitrite at a concentration of 30 mg / kg of body weight after dissolving it with distilled water and returned a positive control group, As for the third groups (G3) and the fourth (G4), they were dosed with aqueous extract of cress seeds at a concentration of 350 and 550 mg / kg of body weight respectively. As for the two groups (G6 and G5), they were dosed with aqueous extract of Rashad seeds at a concentration of (550,350) mg / kg of body weight on Two hours before they were given sodium nitrite at a concentration of 30 mg / kg of body weight, respectively. Animals were sacrificed after completing the experiment period (30 days).Oral dosing of male rats with sodium nitrite daily for 30 days resulted in a significant increase (P <0.05) in the mean level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, <0.05) in the mean level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) and a significant decrease (P <0.05)) in the mean level of total protein, globulin and albumin, and a significant increase. (P <0.05)) in the mean level of urea, creatinine, malone dihyddehyde (MAD) and a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the mean level of glutathione (GSH) compared to the negative control group.  The histological changes in the liver were represented by central vein congestion, irregularities of the hepatic cords, enlargement of the sinuses,

degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes with severe infiltration of inflammatory cells, as it was found that there was a significant increase (P <0.05) in the average diameter of sinusoid, central vein and hepatocytes compared to the negative control group. As for the tissue changes of the kidneys, they were represented by severe atrophy in the size of the glomerulus and the increase of Bowman’s space, with the presence of blood congestion and the breakdown of the urinary tubules with degeneration and thickening of the nucleus of the tubule cells and the shedding of their lining epithelium and infiltration of inflammatory cells, the occurrence of a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the average diameter of each of the tubule cells Proximal and distal twisted compared to the negative control group.  Oral dosing of rats with the cold aqueous extract of cress seed Lepidium sativum in the third and fourth groups (G4, G3) resulted in limited physiological changes to the functional criteria represented by a significant

decrease (P <0.05) in the level of (P <0.05) in the level of the enzyme (ALT) for the fourth group and a significant increase (P <0.05). A slight decrease in the level of total protein and globulin for the third and fourth groups, and a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the level of malone di aldehyde in the third and fourth groups, and a significant increase (P <0.05) in the level of glutathione in the fourth group compared to the negative control group. There were no histopathological changes to the liver and kidneys of both groups compared to the negative control group.

Oral dosing of rats with cold aqueous extract of cress seed Lepidium sativum in groups 5 and 6 (G6, G5) showed physiological changes to the functional criteria represented by a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) with a significant increase (P <0.05) in the level of total protein, globulin and albumin, and a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the level of urea and creatinine, also recorded a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the level of malone didehyde and a significant increase (P <0.05) in the level of glutathione compared to the control group. Cation. The histological changes of the liver tissue were in the fifth group, the central vein congestion with enlargement and congestion of the sinuses with regularity of part of the cords and hepatocytes and less infiltration in the inflammatory cells and there was degeneration in some hepatocytes. The liver and its nuclei with degeneration of some of its cells, where the tissue appears closer to the negative control group (G1) and the presence of a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the two groups of the average diameter of each of the hepatocytes,

sinusoid and central vein compared with the positive control group (G2). As for the kidney tissue, it was represented by the presence of simple tissue changes represented by a slight expansion in the Bowman space and the glomerulus normal with a normal structure of some distal and proximal urinary tubules, shrinkage in the glomerulus and the appearance of a few alveoli with degeneration and necrosis of some urinary tubules compared with  the positive (G2) and negative control group (G1), andthe presence of Significant increase (p <0.05) in the mean diameter of the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, and distal convoluted tubule compared with the positive control group (G2), respectively. We conclude from the current study that the cold aqueous extract of cress seeds at a concentration of 550 mg / kghas a higher significant effectiveness in reducing the toxic effects resulting from dosing of male white rat with sodium nitrite on the liver and kidney tissues and some functional parameters due to the presence of antioxidants in the cress seeds.