تأثير بعض المبيدات ذات الأصل الحيوي والفطريات والمصائد الحشرية والعمليات الزراعية في مكافحة حشرة ذبابة ثمار الخوخ Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The effect of some pesticides of plant origin, fungicides, insect traps and agricultural factors in controlling the peach fruit fly Bactrocera

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the integrated control program for the peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunder) (Diptera: Tephretidae) by studying the efficiency of different attractant pheromone traps with varying treatments of fungi, biocides and some agricultural operations to attract and catch adult insects in citrus orchards in Karbala governorate during the fall and spring agricultural season 2021-2022. Also, molecular identification of the insect and its endosymbionts bacteria. The specimens B. zonata collected from Albobyat, Al-Hafd, Alwand, AlHure and AlSalamia in Karbala province showed four genetic sequences of the insect were registered for the first time in GenBank under the following accession numbers (OP980979, OQ032872, OQ064296, and OQ032899). The genetic sequences of the insect taken from different regions in Karbala showed genetic variations between them. Two types of endosymbiosis bacteria were recorded for the first time using the genetic sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Acidithiobacillus sp. linked to B. zonata in Karbala and recorded in the GenBank with the accession numbers (OP973859 and OQ032872), respectively. The results showed a difference between the genetic sequences of B. zonata collected from Karbala.
The efficiency of all treatments used in the Integrated Pest Control Program was studied in reducing the infection rate on Grape Fruit trees in the fall season. The treatment of Metarhizium anisoplia and the Tefrey yellow trap containing Schochal pheromone excelled in giving the highest effect rate with an effect ratio of (191.4) and a significant difference from all traps. The two treatments of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and the pesticide Palazin with the two traps of Jackson and Tefrey yellow traps were almost identical in effect and with an average effect of (149.1 and 145.2) insects/trap, respectively. The high percentage of trapped reached 95.8%, significantly different from all treatments. As for the average effect of the two treatments (B. bassiana and Palazin pesticide), the percentage of peach fruit fly catching was (74.5 and 73.9) insects/trap, respectively.
As for the extent of studying the efficiency of attractant pheromone traps with Tondexir and Success, the efficiency of the pheromone traps with the agricultural operations of covering the soil with nylon, tilling the soil and cleaning the weeds with the two Jackson traps that contain the sex pheromone (Zontrak) attracting males of the insect and the local trap gave the highest effect rate, as the effect rate reached 59.1, 52.6 for adults, respectively. As for the efficiency of the Jackson trap and the local trap with some agricultural operations such as wrapping the fruits in paper bags, tilling the soil and cleaning the bushes, covering the soil with nylon and its role in attracting adult insects, the pheromone traps were almost identical in effect. As for the spring season, which was applied in the same experiments on the Link Dunia tree, it was shown through the results of the statistical analysis that the effect of the overlapping of the traps showed the superiority of the trap over the Jackson trap with all treatments, and showed the superiority of the trap of Tefrey over the treatment with the pesticide Palazin, with an effect rate of (8.9%), with a non-significant difference. The two traps escaped with the treatments (M. anisopliae and B. bassiana), and their effect rates were (5.2% and 5.7%), respectively, with a non-significant difference.
As for the effect rate of overlapping treatments, the results show that Palazin treatment is superior to all treatments with an effect rate of (4.4) and with a significant difference from all treatments, as it was found that there was no significant difference between the two treatments (M. anisopliae and B. bassiana), which amounted to the effect of each treatment. (2.9 and 2.6), respectively. As for the extent of studying the efficiency of attractant pheromone traps with pesticides (Tondexir and Success) and some agricultural operations on Link Dunia tree, it was noted that the Jackson trap was superior to soil ploughing and bush cleaning over all traps and the rest of the treatments, with an effect rate of (11.06%), with a significant difference from all traps for all treatments.