تأثير تقنيات البناء والتشييد في المشهد الحضري-المورفولوجي لمدينة كربلاء (حالة الدراسة “أحياء سكنية مختارة”)

Influence of Building and Constructing Techniques in the Morphological Civil Scene in Karbala Province

Abstract

The study aims at finding an interpretation of the spatial relations between building and constructing techniques and the morphological civilized scene of Kerala province to stop at the negative and positive traces for this type of activation between the material and population civil requirements and the work to establish bases and standards for the use of building and constructing techniques to the morphological civilized scene in order to keep the architectural impression of the area of study through limiting buildings and constructions used to reach knowing the extent of their negative and positive influences on the city morphological civil impression.
The study showed that Kerbala’i like other architectures, entered a new stage due to a number of accompanied varieties. The most important ones are the modern building and constructing techniques with thoughts and theories that was brought up in a different environment from the dominant one in the area of the study, as well as coming foreign companies that do not care about the country local impression. This helps in emerging new materials and techniques and emerging many ways and architectural treatments during forming external fronts which gave freedom in choosing building materials and appropriate technique to deal with; consequently, this helps in breaking restrictions that were imposed by materials and the traditional techniques that express the technical development. Based on this, the study topic ” Influence of Building and Constructing Techniques’ is entitled. Thus, a random sample for the study purpose about (12) quarters out all of (65). These quarters are distributed on the three main municipality sectors.
The study found that there are obstacles that prevent the city development architecturally according to the building and constructing techniques for various causes, such as absence of architectural laws and legislations for disorganized areas, in particular to what relates with the pattern building and building materials, variety of buildings heights especially the commercial building to be (12 – 16 or more) stories instead of the building of (2-3) stories. This belongs to absence of the legislative observance after 2003; as a result, the people started building without acceptance from the responsible offices represented by municipality. This is in addition to small distributed possessions allotted to heirs, as well as people ignorance, owners of trade building in particular, to Karbala municipality in order to take the involved offices’ agreements.
The study aims at finding a type of spatial comparison among the city quarters regardless of their construction dates to stop at nature of the morphological change that the city witnesses. This is done by the statistical methods: Independence Sample T – Test and One – way ANOVA Since the study topic is specialized, represented by ” Influence of Building and Constructing Techniques in the Morphological Civil Scene in Karbala Province” and techniques; due to the problem nature that the study tackles which requires scientific answers with a high level of accuracy and objectivity and far away from randomness which leads to false answers, used the intended sample from the city sample community with a percentage (10%) which is a percentage statistically accepted in order to carry out fairness in percentage distribution of reference.
The study showed that there is a difference among the inhabited quarters in the tight of its suitability with the use of but generally, it does not respond to the standards that modern techniques accept. And there are no national or international standards followed in using techniques. Thus it is possible to sum up the most important results of the study.
1.The study showed that the building techniques gave interest to the trade buildings especially to the multi stories ones in order to observe reinforcement the local city tissue, due to the presence of legal observance in the architectural formation of these buildings. So, the highest average was (60.9%) in the Al Abbasiyah Al Sharqiyah quarter and (37.7%) in Al Belediyah quarter.
2.The researcher referred to dominance shrinkage of the two holy shrine domes in the city sky line after rising trade buildings and this is agreed upon in the studied quarters for the highest percentage (84.8%) belongs to Bab Baghdad quarter while the lowest value (42.9%) belongs to Shuheda’ Al Muwedhfeen quarter. This returns to absence of deterrent laws and observing legislative to put a limit for the rise of buildings higher than the two shrines domes which led to default and absurd deterioration to the sight vision.
3.The study indicated that absence of the inherited conventions in buildings’ fronts leads to the loss of unity feeling and common values among buildings. The highest percentage achieved by Al Usrah quarter about 52.8% and the lowest percentage was to Shuheda’ Al Muwedhfeen quarter About (27.2%).
4. The study showed that the percentage 46.8% achieved by Al Belediyah quarter that refers to inhabited buildings’ fronts did not carry out the analogy state due to the use of colors and forms which did not accord with the geographical and architectural environment, and the lowest percentage (34.25%) belongs to Saif Sa’d quarter.
5.The study concluded that modern building materials take part in reducing the power consuming and heating costs, but its values is high, which does not represent more than (5%) out of the traditional material percentage. Therefore, Al Abbasiyah Al Sharqiyah quarter Headed with a percentage (58.7%) while Al Te’awin and Al Usrah quarter Were excluded that achieved the lowest average about (49%), and (30. 9%).