تأثير مواعيد الزراعة الربيعية والرش بحامض السالسليك في نمو وحاصل الذرة البيضاء

Effect of spring planting dates and Spraying with Salicylic acid in the growth and yield of sorghum

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the spring agricultural season of 2023 at the fields of Ibn Al-Bitar Vocational Preparatory School in Al-Husseiniyah District in the Holy Karbala Governorate, with the aim of studying the effect of spring planting dates and spraying with salicylic acid on the growth and yield of Sorghum.The experiment was applied with three replications according to a randomized complete block design(RCBD) Withe split-plot arrangement. The main plots included three dates for planting Sorghum, which are (1March and 10 March and 20 March) respectively. The sub – plots included spraying with salicylic acid at concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg L-1), with with water only spray treatment as control.
The plants were harvested at full maturity after measuring all growth characteristics, and the results of the experiment showed the following:
The third date was significantly superior in the characteristics of plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of days from planting until the beginning of flowering, thermal accumulation until the beginning of flowering, number of days from planting until 75%, thermal accumulation of 75%, growth rate of the crop, chlorophyll content, cob length, and the number of grains per cob. And the weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, biological yield, protein percentage, recipe, number of days from planting until physiological maturity, and thermal collection, number of days from planting until physiological maturity, with averages reaching 242.0 cm, 4208 cm2, 29.08 mm, 62.57 days, and 852.8C, 77.37 days, 1114 C, 3.350 g cm-2, 48.97 and 30.28 cm, 4938 grains, 35.01 g, 8.88 tons ha-1, 22.94 tons ha-1, 9.78%, 107.60 days and 1883C, respectively. While the first date was significantly superior in terms of proline concentration, which reached 7.24%.. respectively. While the first date was significantly superior in terms of proline concentration, which reached 7.24%.
The highest concentration of salicylic acid, 150 mg L-1, was significantly superior in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, number of days from planting until the beginning of flowering, thermal collection recipe for the beginning of flowering, number of days from planting to 75% flowering, and thermal collection for flowering percentage. 75%, crop growth rate, chlorophyll content, cob length, number of grains per cob, 1000 grain weight recipe, grain yield, biological yield, protein percentage, proline percentage, number of days from planting to physiological maturity, and thermal collection to physiological maturity, which amounted to 249.7 cm, 10,506 leaves, and 4,359 cm. 2, 29.44 mm, 68.13 days, 952.3C, 82.37 days, 1240 C, 3.239 g cm2, 49.60, 30.62 cm, 4907 grains, 0 33.89 g, 8.260 tons ha-1, 23.69 9 tons ha-1, and 9.57 % and 7.20%, 112.89 days, and 2032 C respectively.
The results of the interaction showed that there were no significant differences in growth characteristics and yield, with the exception of plant height and number of grains per head, which amounted to 263.9 cm and 5476 grains, respectively. Which indicates that the study factors, planting dates and salicylic sprays, behaved separately in their effect on the growth and yield of Sorghum .