تاثير النتروجين والفسفور والرش بالمركب Algazone Mx30 في بعض صفات النمو والحاصل للذرة الصفراء

THE EFFECT OF INTROGEN PHOSPHORUS AND SPRYING WITH THE COMPOUND ALGAZONE MX30 ON SOME GROWTH TRAITS AND YIELD OF MAIZE

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in clay loam soil during season 2022 at the district Al-Husseiniya, Kerbala, Iraq, to study the effect of adding the fertilizer combination of nitrogen and phosphorus and Spraying Algazone Mx30 on some growth, yield and quality traits of maize, a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, treatments were distributed according to the split pilot design and with three replications. The experiment included two factors: concentrations of spraying with Algazone Mx30 (2 and 4 ml L-1), werer symbolized (F1 and F2), occupied the main plots, and the second factor is the fertilizer combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus (nine combinations), three levels for nitrogen (0, 150, and 300) Kg N ha-1, were identified with symbols (N0, N1, and N2) sequentially, and three levels for phosphorus (0, 50, and 100) Kg P ha-1 werer symbolized (P0, P1 and P2) sequentially,occupied the sub plots. The results of the study showed the following:
• The addition of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer in the form of fertilizer combinations led to a significant increase in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the dry matter of the plant at the stage of full maturity and in the grains, growth, yield and quality traits of maize. The combinations (N1P1, N1P2, N2P1 and N2P2), between which there was no significant difference, outperformed the Among the other fertilizer combinations, the combination (N1P1) was the best of these combinations in terms of achieving economic feasibility with the lowest fertilizer consumption, as the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the dry matter of the plant at the fully mature stage reached (1.36 and 0.41%), respectively, and in the grains (2.13 and 0.37). %) respectively ,plant height (180.36 cm), the number of leaves (15.23 leaf plant-1), the leaf area (5196.3 cm2 plant-1), the stem diameter (22.85 mm), chlorophyll index in leaves (47.78 SPAD units), the length of the ear (19.58 cm), the number of rows per ear (16.03 rows ear-1) , the number of grains in the row (37.82 grains row-1), the weight of the ear (215.47 g), the weight of 500 grains (135.06 g), the grain yield (9.61 tons ha-1), the biological yield (18,250 tons ha-1), harvest index (52.57%), the oil concentration in grains (3.90%), the protein concentration in grains (13.35%), and fertilization efficiency for production (48.97%).
• Spraying with the compound Algazone Mx30 at a concentration of (4 ml L-1) It led to a significant increase in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the dry matter of the plant at the stage of full maturity and grains and in most growth, yield, and quality traits of maize compared to spraying with a concentration (2 ml L-1), The percentage increase in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the dry matter was for plants (9.16 and 16.66%), respectively, and for grains (5.34 and 16.66%), respectively, plant height (6.20%). Number of leaves (6.12%), leaf area (9.64%), stem diameter (3.42%), chlorophyll index in leaves (3.83%), ear length (9.16%), number of rows per ear (3.62%), number of grains per row (7.50%), ear weight (11.71%), weight of 500 seeds (5.67%), grain yield (17.81%), biological yield (5.97%), harvest index (10.78%), oil concentration in grains (9.94%), protein concentration in grains (10.57%), and fertilization efficiency for production (51.53%).
• The interaction between the two study factors, spraying the compound Algazone Mx30 and adding nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer in the form of fertilizer combinations, led to a significant increase In the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the dry matter of the plant at the stage of full maturity and in the grains, growth, yield and quality traits of maize, and the treatments were superior (F2 N1P1 and F2 N1P2, F2 N2P1, and F2 N2P2) among which there was no significant difference over the rest of the other treatments, and the treatment (F2 N1P1) was the best of these treatments in terms of achieving economic feasibility with the lowest fertilizer consumption, as the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the dry matter of the plant at the fully mature stage reached (1.45 and 0.48%) respectively, and in the grains (2.20 and 0.42%) respectively, plant height(188.82 cm), the number of leaves (15.65 leaf plant-1), the leaf area (5548.3 cm2 plant-1), the stem diameter (23.27 mm), chlorophyll index in leaves (48.54 SPAD units), the length of the ear (20.65 cm), the number of rows per ear (16.46 rows ear-1), the number of grains in the row (39.41 grains row-1), the weight of the ear (235.48 g), the weight of 500 grains (141.17 g), the grain yield (10.74 tons ha-1), the biological yield (19,07 tons ha-1), harvest index (56.45%), the oil concentration in grains (4.17%), the protein concentration in grains (13.81%),and fertilization efficiency for production (60.55%)