تحفيز بعض مركبات الايض الثانوي في كالس نبات العنب صنف Vitis vinifera بإستعمال بعض المحفزات الكيميائية والفيزيائية

Stimulation of some secondary metabolites in grape callus classify (Vitis vinifera) using some chemical and physical stimuli

Abstract
This study was carried out in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the College of Agriculture – University of Karbala. HPLC Analysis was completed at the White Fields Company for Investments, Environmental and Engineering Studies for the period from 2023 to 2024.The study included the use of plant tissue culture technology to stimulate grape callus cultures and induce them to increase the production of flavonoid compounds of medical importance.
The study was carried out in two stages after the sterilization process was carried out. The first included establishing callus farms using different combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The second stage was carried out by exposing the callus farms to different combinations of phenylalanine, light and brassinolides to stimulate it to increase the production of flavonoid compounds in independent factorial experiments within a completely randomized design (CRD). The results can be summarized as follows:
• The best treatment for sterilizing plant parts was sodium hypochlorate at a concentration of( 1.5% for 10 minutes). As for the triple interference, both parts outperformed with a period of( 10 minutes and a concentration of 1.5 )sodium hypochlorite.
• The developing top was significantly superior to the buds in achieving the highest response to callus induction.
• The concentration of( 2mg l-1 )2,4- D achieved the highest response to the fresh and dry weight of callus induced from the growing apex, and BA was at concentration of (0.2 mg l-1 )achieved the highest response. As for the interaction, the concentration of( 2 mg/L-1 )of 2.4-D with the concentration of (0.4 mg/L-1 )of BA achieved the highest response for the same characteristics.
• The concentration of (4 mg l-1 2-4 D and 0.4 mg l-1)BA is significantly increased the production of flavonoid compound, hesperdine, proanthocyanin and rutin. The concentration of( 4 mg l-1 2-4 D and 0.2 mg l-1 )BA significantly increased the production of narngnine, whereas concentration( 3 mg l-1)2-4 D and 0.4mg l-1 BA is significantly increased the production of quercetin while the best response to carbohydrate production was at the concentration of( 3 mg l-1)2-4 D and (0.1mg l-1 )BA and the interaction at concentration (3 mg l -1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l -1 )BA. As for the interaction, (3 mg l -1 2,4-D and 0.4 mg l -1 )BA were significantly superior in increasing quercetin & hesperdine compounds. The concentration( 4 mg l-1)2,4 D interfering with( 0.4 mg l-1)BA were superior in production of proanthocyanin, rutin and narngnine.
• The colored LED achieved the highest response to the fresh and dry weight of the callus compared to the white and fluorescent LED. The phenylalanine concentration of( 15 mg l-1 )also achieved the highest response to the same characteristics. While for interfering, the colored LED and concentration( 15 mg l -1) achieved highest response for the same properties.
• Colored LED has a significant effect on increasing production of hesperdine, narngnine, proanthocyanin , rutin and quercetin
• The concentration of (20mg l-1)of phenylalanine achieved the highest response to the production of proanthocyanins and rutin, while the concentration of( 15 mg l-1) of it achieved the highest response to the production of hesperdine, nargnine, quercetin and carbohydrates. As for interaction, the concentration( 15 mg l -1 )of phenylalanine with colored LED achieved highest response in metabolic compounds.
• The concentration of (3 mg l-1 )Brassinolyde gave the highest response to the fresh and dry weight of callus and the interference was between (3 mg l -1 Brassinolyde with colored LED).
• The concentration of( 3 mg l-1)Brassinolide was significantly superior in increasing the production of compounds hesperdine, narngnine, rutin and quercetin, while the concentration of( 2 mg l-1 )achieved the highest response to proanthocyanins and carbohydrates. As for interaction, the concentration (2 mgl-1)Brassinolyde with colored LED achieved increased in Hesperdine,Rutin, Narngnine and carbohydrates. The concentration (3 mg L-1 Brassinolyde with colored LED) achieved increasing in the Quercetin compound.