تحليل مؤشرات التنمية السياحية المستدامة في دول مختارة مع الإشارة إلى العراق

Analysis of the Sustainable tourism development indicators in chosen countries, with particular reference to Iraq

   Sustainable touristic development is one of the contemporary and core issues of our times that has not to be fully fathomed by research but recently. Some studies have solely ironed out the positive aspects of it represented by the increase in the national income, the improvement of the balance of payments, and the promotion of the living standard which enabled the researcher of the present study to probe into and investigate some other negative facets represented by the impact of tourism on the environment, economy, and society via the indices of the sustainable touristic development. The study aims at (analyzing the indices of the sustainable touristic development in the sample countries with a special reference to Iraq). It also underscores the analysis of the indices of the sustainable touristic development in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq and the explication of the nature of the social and economic, and the environmental indices through the analysis of the touristic impact on potable water, electricity, sewage, the treatment of garbage, and the biological variation as an environmental aspect, whereas the influence of tourism on the number of jobs in the field of tourism, crime rate, and the provision of the health crews represent the social aspect.

Problems of sustainable touristic development are limited to relying on human, social, and environmental resources for its emergence and the abuse and waste whether it is caused by the host country or the tourists, it could make it unrealizable under sustainability. Hence, the researcher discussed notions of tourism and their affiliation with sustainable development and the clarification of Sustainable touristic development indices which some of them have been applied to the touristic activity. The relation between tourism and the environment have been tackled. They are applied through specific policies in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. In addition to that, the researcher has clarified the nature of performance of tourism in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq and the most prominent obstacles facing it and the venues of treating it. The study has concluded with the calculation of the sustainable touristic development indices(social, economic, and environmental) using the comparative and descriptive approach. Ultimately, the researcher has reached a number of conclusions, the formulation of recommendations so as to sustain touristic development in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq by considering the calculated indices.