تدهور التربة الزراعية في قضاءي الهندية وعين التمر (دراسة مقارنة)

Degradation of Agricultural Soil In Al Hindiyah and Ain Al Temur Districts(Comparative Study)

This study dealt with the problem of agricultural soil degradation in the districts of al-Hindiyah and Ain al-Tamr of Karbala governorate and the extent of the impact of natural and human factors on soil degradation. In the western plateau, where the desert climate is characterized by high temperatures and drought in summer and lack of rain and its fluctuation in winter, as well as the different irrigation methods used in watering agricultural lands. On the available groundwater, which has decreased in recent years due to drought and lack of rain, as well as the different irrigation methods. Al-Hindiya district depends on the flood irrigation method and immersion. As for Ain Al-Tamr district, farmers follow modern irrigation methods such as drip and sprinkler, which are costly and not all farmers can adopt them.
The study dealt with field work by collecting (11) soil samples for both districts at two depths (0-30) and (30-60) cm, randomly distributed over the area of the two districts depending on the positioning device (GPS), and laboratory analyzes were conducted to obtain data. The physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the coordinates of the samples were projected on the map for the two districts.
A statistical analysis of the results of the samples was also conducted using the statistical analysis program (GenStat) and following the statistical coefficients such as the coefficient of variation, the average coefficient and the correlation coefficient. Through the analysis, it was concluded that there is a deterioration in the physical and chemical characteristics of the agricultural soil in both districts, with the exception of the desert areas of Ain al-Tamr, which it exploited. The holy shrines, where the amount of production increases as a result of adopting modern agricultural methods and methods, in addition to the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
As for the most important findings of the study, there is a discrepancy in the natural and human characteristics between the two districts, as well as a difference in the physical and chemical characteristics, The study also found that the deterioration of the agricultural soil in the district of Hindiya is greater than the district of Ain al-Tamr as a result of soil samples and statistical analysis.