تشخيص بعض النباتات الطبية جزيئيا ودراسة تأثير مستخلصاتها في بعض الفطريات الجلدية ومقارنتها بالزنك النانوي

Molecular Diagnosis of Some Medicinal Plants and Studying the Effect of Their Extracts on Some Dermatophytes Compared with Nano-zinc

This study was conducted in the Postgraduate Laboratory at the College of Education
for Pure Sciences at the University of Kerbala collaborated with Center for Manuscript
Preservation and Restoration and Care of Researchers at the Imam Hussain Holy Shrine
in Kerbala for the period from 17/3/2019 to 20/9/2020 with the aim of studying the effect
of active compounds on phenolic extracts Five plants: Conocarpus erectus, Eucalyptus
globulus, , Salvia rosmarinus Thymus vulgaris and Zingibar officinale in inhibiting
the growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis and testing different
concentrations of nanoscale and regular zinc with antifungal in inhibiting the growth of
fungi
A series of experiments were conducted that included the molecular diagnosis of
medicinal plants under study, and the plant species were recorded in the Genbank of the
National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the first registration of these
Iraqi plant species in the Global Genebank and the study of the convergence and
similarity between the recorded plants. The serial numbers were carried by Conocarpus
erectus MT444957, Eucalyptus globulus MT444955, Rosmarinus officinalis
MT444956, Thymus vulgaris MT444978 and Zingiber officinale MT495786 in the
genebank .
Some chemical tests were conducted for the plants selected in the experiment, such as
the diagnosis of the active compounds using the qualitative analysis of the chemical
compounds in the plant samples using the GCMASS technique, and the total phenolics
and antioxidants content were assessed and the phenolic extract of ginger achieved the
highest phenolic content of 178.31 gm/ mg gallic acid and the highest percentage of
antioxidants% 78.49 While the lowest phenolic content was for eucalyptus with a value
of 25.98 gm/mg gallic acid and a percentage of antioxidants amounted to 2.36%, and
199
that there is a direct relationship between the total phenolate content and the percentage
of antioxidants.
The extracellular enzymatic activity of the fungi was studied through the ability of the
fungus to produce the enzymes Keratinase, Lipase and Protease and the analysis of the
components of the culture media. The fungi also showed that they have extracellular
enzymatic activity that is directly proportional to the brood through the rate of the corona
diameter (mm) around the colony for each of the fungi. The enzymes differed in their
ability to analyze the culture media through the diameter of the corona formed around
the colony. Protease showed the highest ability to analyze the medium with a diameter
of 36.61 mm and the lowest value for Keratinase with a diameter of 22.22 mm
Different concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40% were prepared from phenolic extracts,
nano-zinc, antifungal, and double and triple combinations. The results were obtained as
a function of the diameter of the colony on the SDA medium and the weight of the colony
on the SDA broth medium after 14 days of incubation and also studying the shape of the
fungal colonies on the medium. Cultivar as well as preparing microscopic slides. The
nanocrystalline zinc concentrations affected the studied traits, where the concentration
of 30% with Microsporum was more effective, with a mean diameter of 12.67 mm, while
the concentration of 10% with Trichophyton was less effective with a diameter of 47.33
mm. As for the dry weight of the fungal colony, the concentration of 30% with
Trichophyton was more effective, with the average dry weight of 0.043g, while the
concentration of 20% with Trichophyton was less effective with a dry weight rate of
0.187g
The results showed that the phenolic extracts affected the average diameter and dry
weight of the fungal colony, whereas the Microsporum was the most affected by the
concentrations of the phenolic extracts of the Trichophyton fungus, the phenolic extract
of ginger was more inhibitory with an average diameter of 25.8 mm compared to the
control treatment, while the phenolic extract of Calptus was the least effective. It gave
200
an average diameter of 36.4 mm. As for the effect of the concentration, the concentration
was 80% the most inhibitory with a diameter of 15.83 mm. As for the concentration of
10%, it was the least effective, as it gave an average diameter of 32.30 mm. As for the
dry weight characteristic of the fungal colony, where the phenolic extract was the
conocarpus extract was more inhibited with the average weight Dry weight 0.079 g
compared to the control treatment, while the phenolic extract of rosemary was the least
effective, as it gave a dry weight average of 0.092 g, which was not significantly different
from the thyme and eucalyptus extract. As for the effect of the concentration, the
concentration was 80% the most inhibitory, with an average weight of 0.053 g, while the
concentration was 40%. The least affected as it gave an average dry weight of 0.089g.
A number of microscopic examinations were performed on the studied fungi and the
effect of different treatments on the mycelium , and these effects varied between
deformations in the fungal spinning and the separation of protoplasm in some areas and
their aggregation in other areas in addition to the disappearance of small conjunids and
the deformation of large conjunids. The most prominent of which was the clumping of
the protoplast inside the fungal cells without the cell wall being affected, and this
indicates that the effect on the cell membrane, and another effect that could be observed
is the formation of chlamydo spores in a large way.