تقييم الدور الوقائي للمستخلص المائي لنبات الزرشك Berberis على بعض المعايير الفسلجية والنسجية في ذكور الجرذان البيض المعاملة بمادة احادي كلوتاميت الصوديوم

Evaluation of the protective role of the aqueous extract of Berberis plant on some physiological and histological parameters in male albino rats treated with sodium monoglutamate

Abstract

The current study aimed to know the effect of the protective role of the aqueous extract of the fruits of the barberry plant Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) to reduce the toxic effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and evaluate its effect by studying some physiological, biochemical and histological parameters in male white rats. The study was conducted at the College of Education for Pure Sciences / University of Karbala and the Animal House affiliated to the College of Pharmacy / University of Karbala for the period 30 day The analysis of the samples and the histological sectioning took another (30) days. The study included (30) adult male white rats with an average age ranging from (12-14) weeks and an average weight between (150-240) grams. The rats were randomly divided into six groups five rats for each group, and were dosed orally daily for 30 days as follows: The first group (G1) was dosed with 0.5 ml of regular water and was considered a negative control group, and the second group (G2) was dosed with a concentration of 14 mg/kg of monosodium glutamate was considered a positive control group and the third group (G3) was dosed with 300 mg/kg of barberry aqueous extract, the fourth group (4) was dosed with 300 mg/kg of barberry aqueous extract and after four hours it was dosed with MSG at a concentration of 14 mg/kg, the fifth group (G5) was dosed with 500 mg/kg of barberry aqueous extract and the sixth group (G6) was dosed with 500 mg/kg of barberry aqueous extract and after four hours it was dosed with MSG at a concentration of 14 mg/kg of body weight. The animals were sacrificed after the end of the experiment period.
Blood samples were collected after fasting the animals for 8 hours after the end of the experiment to study the criteria which included measuring the liver enzymes Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate transaminase (AST), and the lipid profile Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), and measuring the level of Total protein (TP), Albumin, Globulins, Urea, Creatinine, Antioxidants which included Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malonaldehyde oxidation index (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Total antioxidant
The results of this study showed that oral administration of MSG led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the average levels of ALT (37.66±1.33), ALP (79.18±3.81), AST (68.66±1.73), TC (100.80±6.52), TG (94.20±6.70), LDL (57.20±2.51), TP (8.56±0.40), globulins (3.76±0.20), Albumin (7.30±0.37), MDA (46.20±5.64), Urea (58.08±1.01), Creatinine (4.64±0.21), and a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the rate of HDL (29.80±1.82), SOD (380.20±21.80), GSH (28.20±0.86), CAT (1.56±0.27), T.A.O (305.60±28.16), compared with the negative control group.
The results of the extract group G5, G3 treated with the plant at a concentration of (300-500) mg/kg and the preventive extract group G6, G4 at a concentration of (300-500) mg/kg showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the rate of each of TC, ALP, AST, ALT, TG, LDL, TP, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine and MDA ,and a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the rate of each of SOD, CAT, GSH, T.A.O, HDL compared to the positive control group G2. As for the negative control group G1, the results of the study indicated a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the rate of each of LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, urea and creatinine, also and a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the rate of each of CAT, HDL and no significant differences (P≥0.05) in the rate of each of TG, albumin, globulin, MDA, T.A.O in the G5, G3 group, while SOD, GSH showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the G5 group and no significant difference (P≥0.05) in G3 for each of SOD, GSH. As for the preventive groups G4, G6, the results indicated no significant difference (P≥0.05) in each of LDL, TG, TC, AST, ALP, ALT and total protein, albumin, globulin, urea and creatinine GSH, CAT, MDA, T.A.O compared to the G1 and a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the rate of HDL for the G4 group and no significant difference (P≥0.05) in the rate of HDL for the G6 group compared to the G1.
The results of histological examination showed that oral administration of MSG for 30 days led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the average diameters of hepatic cells, hepatic sinusoids, and central veins, with pathological histological changes including cell necrosis, disappearance of nuclei, blood congestion, and expansion of hepatic sinusoids, in addition to pathological changes in kidney tissue represented by expansion of glomeruli and renal tubules, necrosis of epithelial cells, and increased Bowman’s space compared to the negative control group. As for groups G3, G5 and the protective groups (G4, G6), the study showed no significant differences (P≥0.05) in the diameters of hepatic cells, hepatic sinusoids, central veins, glomeruli, and renal tubules, with the absence of histological pathological changes compared to the negative control group, indicating the protective role of barberry extract in protecting tissues, which enhances the safety and security of the extract under normal conditions. While the same groups above (G3, G4, G5, G6) indicated a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the average diameters of both the liver and kidney mentioned above compared to the MSG G2 group.
The barberry aqueous extract had the strongest role in inhibiting the activity of free radicals and reducing oxidative stress induced by the MSG in the tissue of the liver and kidney and some functional parameters in male white rats.