تقييم الفعالية المضادة للسرطان للمستخلص المائي لأوراق توت البانديكوت Leea indica في بعض المعايير الفسلجية والنسجية في ذكور الجرذان المعاملة بمادة (Diethylnitrosamine(DEN

Evaluation the anti cancer activity of aqueous extract for Leea indica leaves in some physiological and histological parameters in male rats

This study aims to know the protective role of the aqueous extract of leaves Leea indica on some physiological and histological parameters in White male rats treated with Diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN).
The study was conducted in the College of Education for Pure Sciences / University of Karbala and the animal house of the College of Pharmacy / University of Karbala for the period from the beginning of October 2022 until March 2023 This study included the use of 76 male white rats, Ratus norwegicus. Their ages ranged between 12 – 14 weeks, and their weight ranged between 200 – 220 grams.The aqueous extract of the leaves of the bandicoot berries The study included two experiments. In the first experiment aimed at determining the effective half dose (ED50) of the aqueous extract of bandicoot berry leaves through the study of the effective dose curve, 36 male rats were used, which were randomly divided into two groups. Six equal groups (6 animals per group) were dosed orally with 5 ascending doses of German extract of bandicoot berry leaves daily (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg supplement for a control group that was dosed with plain water) and for a period of 30 days, blood samples were collected after the end of the study. Experiment to study the following parameters: Malonaldehyde level (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level were dose-dependent. The half-effect of the extract is equal to 60 mg/kg B.W).
The second experiment aimed to study the protective role of the aqueous extract of bandicoot berry leaves. Against adverse effects in the liver and kidneys induced by DEN, 40 male subjects were used, which were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 animals per group). The first group (1) was dosed with 1 ml/kg of normal water and considered a negative control group. The second group (G2) was injected subperitoneally with a level of 200 mg/kg of DEN. control group, the third group (G3) was dosed with 60 mg/kg of the extract.water of bandicoot berry leaves, while the fourth group (G4) animals were dosed with 60mg/kg of the aqueous extract of the leaves of the bandicoot berries, and after four hours, it was injected submembrane Intraperitoneally Daily, with 200 mg/kg of DEN, two days a week for three months
Fasting Blood samples were collected after the end of the experiment to study the level of the following parameters: the activity of the enzyme. Alanine transaminase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate transaminase (AST),the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase Malondialdehyde (MDA) Concentrate, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Glutathione, Lipid hydroxyl peroxidase (LHP), Total Bilirubin (T-BIL), and reduced glutathione (GSH) Albumin, Urea, Uric acid, and creatinine Efficacy, calciterol, erythropoietin (EPO), and creatinine Renin enzyme, TNF- α (factor necrosis tumor) Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) Cytochrome oxidase (COX)
The results of this experiment showed that subperitoneal injection of DEN caused a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the levels of ALT, ALP, AST, and MDA. LHP, EPO, BIL-T, Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine, Renin, TNF- α, IL-1β, IL-8 Significant decrease in rate(P > 0.01) SOD, GSH ,COX, Albumin, calciterol, compared with the control group.
The group treated with ED50 showed a significant increase in the leaves of the aqueous extract of Bandicoot (P < 0.01). SOD, GSH, COX, Albumin, calciterol And there were no significant differences ALT, ALP, AST, and MDA. LHP, EPO, BIL-T, Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine, Renin, TNF- α, IL-1β, IL-8 compared with the negative control group.
The preventive group also showed that there were no significant differences(P > 0.01) SOD, GSH, COX, Albumin, calciterol, ALT, ALP, AST, and MDA. LHP, EPO, BIL-T, Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine, Renin, TNF- α, IL-1β, IL-8 compared with the negative control group.
The results of the histological test showed that subperitoneal injections of DEN for a period of 90 days led to damage to the liver cells, as clear degenerative changes and clear eruptions were observed .In the liver tissue, the appearance of large tumor nodules and the infiltration of hepatic cells with the occurrence of necrosis of the cells,Additionally observed are central vein congestion and degeneration. The nucleation of the liver cells, whereas the histological changes in the kidneys were represented by severe atrophy in the size of the glomerulus, an increase in Bowman’s space with hyperemia, and destruction of the urinary tubules with deterioration and thickening of the tubule cells’ nuclei and sloughing of its lining epithelium, as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells and contraction of the glomerulus.in addition to Urinary tubules collapsing with hemorrhage It also notes the normal structure of the liver tissue with the reorganization of the hepatic chords and the occurrence of hepatitis The normal structure of the liver tissue is also noted with the reorganization of the hepatic cords with the occurrence of dilatation of the central vein for the prophylactic group that was dosed with 60 mg / kg of aqueous extract of the leaves of the bandicoot berries and injected subperitoneally with 200 mg/kg of DEN. As for the kidney tissue, it was represented by the presence of Simple histological changes represented by a slight dilatation of the Bowman’s space, the glomerulus is normal, with a normal structure of some distal and proximal urinary tubulesWith a bloody congestion compared with the positive control group
We conclude from the current study that the aqueous extract of the leaves of the bandicoot berry at a level of 60 mg / kg has a significant effectiveness in reducing the toxic effects resulting from the injection of male white rats with diethyl nitrosamine on the tissues of the liver and kidneys and improving the functional parameters and has a clear role in reducing the possibility of liver and kidney cancer