تقييم جغرافي لمياه المبازل في محافظة كربلاء و استثماراتها الزراعية

Geographical Evaluation For Drainage Water In Kerbala Province And Its Agricultural Utilization

This study is an attempt to show how water of drains can be used in Kerbala
province. This water goes without benefiting from it although most of it is useful for
irrigation, particularly when taking in consideration that the soil of the province needs any
drop of water due to much shortageof the Euphrates water and rainfall and a few areas enjoy
surface water resources which hinders the utilization processes. Falling short of water
resources is the limiting factor for the agricultural expansion accompanied by population
growth, a matter which deserves serious thinking of how to utilize poor quality water like
the water of drains.
The research discusses the natural and human factors and their direct and indirect
effects on physical and chemical properties of the water of drains in Kerbala province. It
aims at analyzing the geological changes,slop variation of the province surface, weather
conditions, soil, quality of irrigation water, and the density of vegetation , which affect the
quantity and quality of water .Human beings played a role whose negative effect can not be
ignored on these properties , represented by wrong planting practices, and irrigation
.methods , beside the careless use of fertilizers and pesticides.The study also explains the geographical spreading of drainssystemand its place distribution on plantation areas, and consequently this leads to the variation of its lengths and densities

The study also discusses the physical and chemical parameters of water of drains
such as electric conductivity, solid and dissolved materials, total hardness, acidity and
alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfate,chloride, nitrate,and boron . These studied
materials are regarded as the determinants of using this water for irrigation.This study
chooses 35 areas , 28 of them are located in Al-Husainiya and BaniHissan drainage systems
, and 7 are located in Ayan Al-Tamr water drain system. These samples are chosen
purposively.

According to the above facts, the study shows that the suitability of using drainage
water depends on its appropriateness which is indicated by means of showing its ionic
density and comparing it with the international standards. The utilization of good quality

irrigation water as well as poor quality water should be subjected to various remedial

measures such as the use of magnetic system or the method of mixing of waters, or rotation
irrigation.This enhances the possibilities of crop variation and consequently gives the
opportunities and the potential for development and investment in the area. herefore,
depending on natural facts , a map is drawn .This map illustrates the expected investment
areas that are near to the mouths of drains, in addition to the availability of water resource

which makes it possible to use the methods of water mixing or rotation irrigation in order to
. utilize this water and increase the agricultural expansion in the future