تقييم كفاءة بعض المبيدات و أوكسيد الفضة النانوي ضد حلمة الحمضيات الشرقية Eutetranychus orientalis Klein )Acari: Tetranychidae) على نبات البيزيا والخروع مع دراسة جوانبها الحياتية والبيئية في محافظة كربلاء

Evaluation of the efficacy of some pesticides and silver oxide nanoparticles against oriental citrus mites, Eutetranychus orientalis Klein

A series of field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some pesticides on different stages of the eastern citrus mites, a life study on castor leaf plants and Albizia of the eastern citrus mites roles, and a study of the seasonal presence on castor plants and Albizia tree, the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the stages of the mites, and a field survey was conducted Albizia trees in the holy city of Karbala to know the infected and non-infected trees.
The laboratory study of tit life on castor leaves showed the average number of eggs laid by a female at the two temperatures (25 and 30) ° C, with an average of (1.63 ± 10.50 and 2.42 ± 9.33) eggs, respectively, and the lowest pre-laying period was recorded at a temperature A temperature of 30 ° C at a rate of (0.52 ± 1.52) days, and the highest period before laying eggs was at a temperature of 20 ° C at a rate of (0.83 ± 4.42) days, and the highest rate of incubation of eggs at (20 ° C) was (8.7) days, with a significant difference from two degrees The temperature is (25 and 30) °C at a rate of (4 and 3.2) days, respectively, and there is no significant difference between them. 6.7 days at (20) °C, the lowest rate is (2.25) days at (30) °C, and the period of development from egg to adult shows that the highest rate of development reached (23.61) days at (20) °C, and the lowest rate is (10.35). days at (30)°C, while the rate of development (males + females) reached the highest (20.03) days at (20)°C and the lowest at a temperature of 30°C at a rate of (10.67) days. The average time required for the development of males is shorter than Females develop at all temperatures, while males have the highest survival time t which is (13.87) days at 20 ° C, and the lowest survival rate is (8.25) days at 30 ° C. The highest survival rate for females at (20) ° C is (18.67) days, and the lowest survival rate for females is (12) days. At (30)°C, when studying the life of the eastern citrus tit on Albizia leaves, it was found that the longest period before laying eggs was at (20)°C, at an average of (2.31) days, and the shortest period was at (0.85) days at (30)°. M, the temperature had an effect on the duration of the generation, when it decreases, it leads to the length of the generation, but the highest rate of incubation of eggs was (7.9) days at (20) ° C, and the lowest rate reached (3.2) days at (30) ° C. The results showed that Females take longer to develop than the time required for males to develop by (3-4) days, the duration of female survival is longer than males at all temperatures.
As for the field study, the results of the field survey conducted for some regions of the Holy Karbala Governorate for the year 2021 showed that the percentage of mites infection ranged from 20% to 68%, and the total percentage of infected trees was 51.30%. Existing during October and November, its numbers began to decrease at the end of December to reach its lowest number, then it increased at the beginning of March, when its numbers reached its peak during the month of April, but when evaluating the efficiency of some pesticides on different stages of mites in the field, the results showed that there was no difference Significant between each of the pesticides (Hexythiazox, a nicotine analogue Imidacloprid, and a silver oxide nanocomposite) in the proportion of the effect on the eggs, which amounted to (53.14%, 53.14%, and 50.75%), respectively. As for its effect on the larvae, the silver nanocomposite gave Silver oxide had the best results on the larval stage, with a mortality rate of (45.75%), while the mortality rate for larvae treated with chemical pesticides and insect growth regulators amounted to (40.92% and 39.87%), respectively. The lowest efficiency of pesticides was recorded by the biocide Lecaicillium lecanii with a mortality rate of (28.19%), while the nicotine-like pesticide Imidacloprid gave efficiency against the nymph with a mortality rate of (54.37%), while the effect of pesticides on the adult (male) was the highest mortality rate (61.79%) when treated with the chemical pesticide (Hexythiazox), but the insect growth regulator was not effective against males, as it appeared with a death rate of (4.51%). The chemical pesticide and the nicotine-like pesticide gave efficacy against females of the eastern citrus tit with a mortality rate of (43.53% and 41.20%), respectively, and there was no significant difference between them, either when studying the effect of some integrated control elements on the roles of the eastern citrus tit, E.orientalis, using The two equations (Henderson and Tilton and Schneider and Orall) together show the effect of the interference between the two equations on the egg cycle, so the compound gave silver oxide and the chemical pesticide (Hexythiazox) effective on eggs with a non-significant difference between them, while the effect of pesticides on the larval role shows the sensitivity of the egg to The two pesticides (nicotine-like pesticide and silver oxide nanoparticle) with a non-significant difference between them when studying the effect of the two equations on the same period, but when studying the effect of the interaction of the two equations on the nymphal period, the chemical pesticide (Hexythiazox) and the nicotinic herbicide gave effectiveness against the nymphal period with a non-significant difference between them It was found that the pesticide similar to nicotine was effective in reducing the number of the adult stage (females), as it gave the best results according to the two equations, while the adult stage ( The male) shows the sensitivity of the role to the chemical pesticide (Hexythiazox) with a significant difference from all pesticides when studying the effect of the interaction between the two equations.