تقييم وتحليل تأثيرات بعض العوامل على كفاءة تشغيل انبوب المياه الرئيسي في مدينة كربلاء باستخدام برنامج Water CAD

Evaluation and Analysis the Effects of Some Parameters on the Operation Efficiency of the Main Water Pipe in Karbala City Using Water CAD Program

Abstract

The present study will highlight the assessment of the efficiency of one of the main water pipe Karbala province, it is considered one of the most important holy province in Iraq and witnesses a large volume of pilgrims each year. Further, this study was conducted to evaluate the current main water pipe efficiency to improve its efficiency. A field reading at different junctions’ locations was taken in the branching and the main water pipe at different annual seasons, which were in summer, autumn, winter, and different hours by using an Ultrasonic flowmeter. The main water pipe is analyzed in two parts. The first part deals with the analysis of the collected data with the steady flow assumption, and the second part is simulated and analyzed in the WaterCAD software with the variation of hourly consumption, which is the unsteady flow assumption.
Based on the results of the first part of the manual analysis, it was found that there is a clear and a large losses of water at the beginning of the main water pipe started from junction-1 to junction-5; and then is accompanied by a clear and large scarcity at the end of the main water pipe. The total of the losses and scarcity quantities in the main water pipe was equal to 326.24 m^3/hr and -113.25 m^3/hr, respectively. The quantities of losses are very large compared to the quantities of scarcity, so if the quantities of losses were controlled, the quantities supplied to the main water pipe would be enough to fill the presence of scarcities without the need to increase the quantities supplied based on the steady flow without any future expansions for junctions. It is noteworthy that controlling the quantities of losses is very difficult because of the difficulty of detecting excesses on the network and the absence of water meters in houses to determine the percentage of losses.
In the second part of the analysis, simulated using WaterCAD program for six scenarios to analyze and identify the problem of scarcity according to unsteady flow, and control it to achieve the best solution. based on simulation of results, it was found that the water needed to overcome water scarcity was 2400m3/hr. And it cannot be ignored there is no losses of water in high quantities, especially at the beginning of the main water pipe, and more specifically in the first five junctions which was losing quantities of water estimated at 326.24m3/hr. based on manual calculations, and these losses is because of the use of drinking water for irrigation of gardens and orchards and a large number of illegal connections. And this addition to the new capacity of the main water pipe will take part to increasing the number of junctions according to the needs Karbala water directorate.