دراسة إزالة صبغتي Remazol Brilliant blue و Malachite green من محاليلها المائية باستخدام صخور البورسيلينات العراقية وشكلها المحور

Study Removal Remazol Brilliant blue and Malachite Green Dyes from aqueous solutions using Iraqi Porcelanite rocks and Modified Form

This Thesis is concerned with the study of adsorption of Remazol Brilliant blue and Malachite green dyes on Iraqi Porcelanite rocks and modified form of this rocks . In this study Iraqi Porcelanite rocks was treated with melamine to prepare porcelanite  – melamine complex.The complex was then polymerized with formaldehyde to obtain porcelanite – melamine – formaldehyde  polymer (PMFP).

Iraqi porcelanite rocks and novel PMF polymer  were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques , as well as the characterized  by AFM for modified form of this rocks .

Experiment were carried out to investigate the possible use of the Iraqi porcelanite rocks and prepared polymer (PMFP)for the removal of Remazol Brilliant blue and Malachite green dyes from aqueous solutions. UV – Visible spectrophotometry technique has been applied to study the adsorption isotherm and the factors influencing on it, such as contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, ionc Strength and temperature.

The results showed of the Remazol Brilliant blue dye that the equilibrium time reached within 20 min and (0.06g) of adsorbent dose at pH (6.7)of operation for Iraqi porcelanite rocks, but regarding Malachite green dye the results showed that the equilibrium time reached within 30 min and (0.05g) of adsorbent dose at pH (8.5)of operation for Iraqi porcelanite rocks. while 10 min and (0.01g) of adsorbent dose at pH (6.7) of the Remazol Brilliant blue dye for PMFP, but regarding Malachite green dye the results showed that the equilibrium time reached within 10 min and (0.03g) of adsorbent dose at pH (8.5) of operation for PMFP. The study of ionc Strength revealed that the adsorption capacity decrease with the increase of the concentration of ionic Strength for the Remazol Brilliant blue dye on the surface of the Iraqi porcelanite rocks and modified form either with Malachite green dye of the opposite behavior.

The removal of Remazol Brilliant blue and Malachite green dyes using Iraqi porcelanite rocks and modified form has been studied at different temperatures (298.15, 308.15, 318.15, and 328.15)K to determine the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic functions.

The experimental isotherms data were analyzed using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The data was found that Freundlich isotherm model fits the data very well for all  dyes on both adsorbents. The shapes of the isotherms obtained from the experimental data were found to be comparable in all cases to the (S- curve) type according to Giles classification .

Thermodynamic analysis was carried out for all dyes – adsorbent systems. According to the results the thermodynamic functions (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) were calculated. It was found that the adsorption processes of Remazol Brilliant blue dye on Iraqi porcelanite rocks or PMFP were spontaneous and exothermic in nature from the negative values of ΔG and ΔH .The negative value of entropy over the temperature range characterize on Iraqi porcelanite rocks an decreases disorder of the system and the driving force for adsorption is an entropy effect , As for the positive values of entropy when adsorption of Remazol Brilliant blue dye on the surface PMFP over the temperature range characterize an increase disorder of the system and the driving force for adsorption is an entropy effect .While the process of adsorption of Malachite green dye on on the surface of the Iraqi porcelanite rocks and modified form were spontaneous in nature from the negative values of ΔG and endothermic in nature from the negative values of ΔH.The positive values of entropy over the temperature range characterize an increase disorder of the system and the driving force for adsorption is an entropy effect.

The performance of both adsorbents to adsorb Remazol Brilliant blue and Malachite green dyes was also compared . It was found that the adsorption capacity of PMFP was higher than Iraqi porcelanite rocks. From the work, it was clearly shown that modified form of Iraqi porcelanite rocks has good adsorption capacity on Remazol Brilliant blue and Malachite green dyes.