دراسة التأثير الوقائي للمستخلص المائي البارد لبذور نبات الكتان Linum usitatissimum على التغيرات الفسلجيَّة والنسجيَّة في ذكور الجرذان (Rattus norvegicus) المعرضة لمادة غلوتامات الصوديوم الأُحادية

Study the Protective Effective of Raw Aqueous Extract of Linum usitatissimum on the Functional and Histological Changes in male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to Monosodium glutamate

Summary
The present study aimed to use the aqueous extract of flaxseed seeds in two different Concentration to reduce the toxic effects of monosodium sodium glutamate in male Rattus norvegicus and to evaluate their effect by studying some physiological, biochemical and histological criteria.
This study was conducted in both the College of Education for pure sciences and the Animal House of the College of Pharmacy – University of Karbala, for the period from the beginning of October 2019 until April 2020, in which (36) males of the white rat adult white rats were used, their ages ranged between (12- 14) weeks and weights between (275 – 450) grams, divided into six groups and administered orally for one month, first group orally administered 2 ml of normal saline solution and a negative control group was promised for one month, The second group, which was considered a positive control group, was administered at a concentration of 14 mg / kg of monosodium glutamate (MSG), the third group was administered at a concentration of 300 mg / kg of aqueous extract of flaxseed plant, the fourth group was administered at a concentration of 400 mg / Kg of aqueous extract of flaxseed plants, the fifth group was administered at a concentration of 300 mg / kg of aqueous extract of flaxseed plants and four hours later administered with a (MSG) concentration of 14 mg / kg, and the sixth group it was administered with a concentration of 400 mg / kg of aqueous extract of flaxseed, and four hours later It was orally administered with (MSG) at a concentration of 14 mg / kg for one month.
To know the effect of MSG and the aqueous extract of flaxseed seeds on some physiological parameters of blood, blood samples were collected 30 days after the start of the experiment and blood serum was obtained to measure the following physiological parameters: Alanine transaminase (AST) Aspartate transaminase (ALP) alkaline phosphatase and criteria Biochemical: cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very-low-density proteins. Low-density lipoprotein (V-LDL), total protein level measurement (TP), albumin, albumin, globulin, glutathione peroxidase GPx, and Malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition to histological study include liver tissue to revealed the difference diameter of liver hepatocyte central veins, and sinuses with control group.
The Oral dosage of MSG-treated rats and the aqueous extract of flaxseed seed led to physiological results:
1. There was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes, V-LDL, LDL, TG, TC biochemical parameters, Albumin, Globulin, and Total protein, MDA in the positive control group compared To the negative control group.
2. There was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the mean level of both GPx and HDL in the positive control group compared to the negative control group.
3. There was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of each of the AST, ALT and ALP enzymes, V-LDL, LDL, TG, TC, and MDA enzymes in the aqueous extract group of flaxseed seeds at a concentration of 400 mg/kg.
4. There was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the average level of each of the AST, ALT and ALP enzymes, , and MDA in the aqueous extract group at a concentration of 400 mg/kg treated with MSG compared to the negative control group.
5. There was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the mean level of both HDL and MDA in the aqueous extract group of flaxseed seeds at a concentration of 400 mg/kg and the aqueous extract group at a concentration of 400 mg/kg treated with monosodium glutamate compared to the negative control group.
6. No significant differences (P≥0.05) in the level of AST, ALT and ALP enzymes V-LDL, LDL, TG, TC, HDL, Albumin, Globulin and Total protein, GPx, and MDA, In the aqueous extract group of flaxseed seeds at a concentration of 300 mg/kg and the aqueous extract group at a concentration of 300 mg/kg treated with MSG compared to the negative control group.
7. No significant differences (P≥0.05) in the level of each of the AST, ALT and ALP enzymes, Albumin, Globulin and Total protein, and biochemical parameters TG, TC, LDL, V-LDL, and GPx in the aqueous extract group of flaxseed at a concentration of 400 mg/kg treated with MSG as measured To the negative control group.
The oral dosage of MSG-treated rats and the aqueous extract of flaxseed seed led to histological results:
1. There was a significant increase (P≥0.05) in the average of diameter hepatocytes, central veins, and hepatic sinuses in the positive control group compared to the negative control group.
2. No significant (P≥0.05) in the mean diameter of hepatocytes, central veins, and hepatic sinuses in the groups treated 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg aqueous extract of flaxseed (G3,G4). As well as no significant (P≥0.05) in groups (G5,G6), 300 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg aqueous extract of flaxseed and the 14 mg/kg MSG as compared with control group.
3. The presence of congestion in the central veins, rupture of cells and increased hepatic sinuses in the positive control group, compared to the negative control group whose sections were characterized by normal hepatic tissue with the integrity of the hepatic tissue in each of the others groups.
We conclude from the above that the MSG dosage with this concentration and high concentrations continuously leads to a rise in physiological and biochemical parameters that are an indicated of a dysfunction in liver and that treatment with the aqueous extract of flaxseed seeds led to improved liver function and restoration of its natural structure and restoration of natural values Physiological and biochemical parameters due to the antioxidants available in flaxseeds and the high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in it, which have the advantages of improving and anti-inflammatory.