دراسة الدور الوقائي للمستخلص المائي لاوراق نبات الكجرات Hibisus sabdariffa L. على بعض المعايير الوظيفية والنسجية في ذكور الجرذان البيض المعاملة بكلوتاميت احادي الصوديوم

Study of the protective role of aqueous extract of leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on some functional and histological parameters in white male rats treated with monosodium glutamate.

Abstract
The current study aimed to know the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Gujarat) to reduce the effect of liver and kidney damage caused by the preservative monosodium glutamate (MSG) in male albino rats by studying some physiological changes and histological parameters.
The study was conducted in the animal house of the College of Pharmacy – University of Karbala for the period from September of the year 2020 to February of the year 2021, 40 male adult white rats were used, the ranges weights between (280-400) gram, randomly divided into eight groups comprising (5 animals per group) orally dosed for a period of one month. The first group G1, the control group, was dosed orally on a daily basis with tap water, and the second group G2 was orally dosed with monosodium glutamate at a concentration of 12 (mg/kg) dissolved in distilled water, and the third groups G3, the fourth G4 and the fifth were 5g orally with aqueous extract of Gujarat at a concentration of (mg/kg) 250, 500, 750, respectively, as for the sixth groups G6, the seventh G7 and the eighth G8, they were dosed with aqueous extract of the Gujarat plant at a concentration (mg/kg) (250, 500, 750), respectively, then they were dosed with monosodium glutamate at a concentration of 12 (mg/kg) after passing ( 3-4) hours
Blood samples were collected in the eight groups one month after dosing and blood serum was obtained for the purpose of measuring the level of the following physiological parameters: levels of liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkalinephosphatase (ALP), urea (Urea) and creatinine And blood electrolytes, which included (Sodium ion (Na), Calisum ion Ca)), Potassium ion (K) and oxidative enzyme indicators, which included Maloaldialdehyde (MDA) and enzyme antioxidants Catalase (CAT) and the enzyme Superoxide dismutuse SOD and glutathione standards (GSH) and lipid profile include Total cholestrol (TC), Total Triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and weight changes, as well as taking histological sections of the liver and kidney for the purpose of studying the histological changes, and we obtained the following results:
Oral administration to experimental animals with monosodium glutamate daily for 30 days, both functionally and histologically, led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in each of ALP, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, K and (MDA, TC, TG, LDL, HDL). In addition, there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in each of sodium ion, calcium ion Ca, HDLand antioxidants (GSH, CAT, SOD) compared with the control group.
Histological changes in the liver tissue represented by congestion and severe expansion of the central vein with irregularity in the hepatic cords as well as the presence of congestion and expansion of the sinusoids and infiltration of inflammatory cells compared with the control group and histological changes in the kidney tissue include the glomerulas shrinkage the lining cells of some urinary tubules and their lining was shed, while noticing the presence of blood congestion and infiltration of inflammatory cells compared to the control group.
Oral administration of experimental animals with the aqueous extract of the plant Gujarat s daily for a period of 30 days, but a change was recorded in some functional parameters, most notably a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the rate of MDA and a significant increase (P<0.05). In the average concentration of Glutathione GSH, CAT and SOD compared with the control group. It also did not cause histological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of rats dosed with the extract at its three concentrations compared with the control group.
The results of the physiological criteria for the protective groups showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the lipid parameters that included TC, TG and LDL and liver enzymes ALT, ALP, AST, urea, creatinine, ion K and MDA compared with the positive control group. In addition, there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in each of the sodium ion, calcium, HDL and antioxidants SOD, CAT and GSH compared with the positive control group.
The results of the histological examination of liver and kidney tissues in the protective groups treated with aqueous extract of Gujarat plant contributed to reducing the toxic effects of monosodium glutamate. preventive measures, which contributed to reducing The effects are clearly, which made the tissue under study as close as possible to the normal state, but it did not prevent the occurrence of some toxic effects of monosodium glutamate in the body. That the current results of weight indicates weight instability which animals suffered at the physiological or histological level, and this may be related to the nature of the food used, the components of the diet used, and the length of time for the experiment.
We conclude from the current study the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of Gujarat plant in curbing the activity of free radicals and neutralizing the oxidative stress induced by the preservative monosodium glutamate in liver and kidney tissues and some functional parameters in male white rats.