دراسة النشاط المضاد للتطفير و الأكسدة لمستخلص نبات القرنفل في ذكور الجرذان البيض

Study of anti mutagenic and antioxidant activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) plant Extract in male rats

This study was designed to evaluation the antioxidant and anti mutagenic activity of methanolic water extract of  clove dried flower buds (Myrtaceae) in vivo and in vitro (male rats) ,so this study was covered many subjects:

• extract has been described using thin layer chromatography TLC. The results showed the presence of more than one component of this extract when using multiple different liquid phases. When examining the activity of antioxidant by β-carotene spray process ,It was observed appearance of the antioxidant activity in several bands .
• Cytogenetic analysis tests in male rats which including DNA fragmentation test ,mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberration (CA) in bone marrow and sperm abnormality. The interaction between 500mg/kg of plant extract and 2mg/kg of MMC was making in three forms of treatment of extract (before)(with)(after) mutagen MMC to assess extract activity in prevented or decreased the drug action , and to know the mechanisms which making it the active compound of the extract. Then the treatment of clove extract (with)drug have been tested for different periods to know the accumulative effects of clove extract in prevent or decreased the drug action.

It has shown the results for the DNA  fragmentation that extracted from white blood cells of rats ,the interference treatment of extract (before), (with) and (after) the mutagen performed the level of fragmentation with molecular size 6000,2000,4000 base pair respectively compared with positive control 9700 base pair, that mean the all interferences lead to decreased the level of DNA fragmentation and the treatment (with) was the best . So the result of the oral gavage of mixing the extract with mutagen for five weeks had been showed, in the first week led to level fragmentation with molecular size 4000 base pair compared with positive control 9000 base pair, while during the second and third week of treatment  the level of fragmentation of DNA were 5000, 5000 base pair respectively when compared between each other or with the first week of treatment. The fourth and fifth week of treatment  the level of fragmentation of DNA were 2000, 1000 base pair respectively compared between each other. This indicates that the oral gavage of mixing the extract with mutagen reducing the level of the crash in the DNA.

The results of  MI of the interference treatment with extract (with) and (after) the mutagen performed a best result in the raising of median MI to 2.43 , 2.13 respectively compared with the positive control 1.16 at a significant differences while the extract before the treatment with mutagen did not posses any significant differences 1.68 compared with positive control. The result of the oral gavage of mixing the extract with mutagen for five weeks had been showed, in the first week led to raise the median MI to 1.93 compared with positive control in a significant difference 0.09 , while during the second and third week of treatment  the value of MI was reached to 2.03, 2.16 respectively without any significant difference when compared between each other or with the median MI  to the first week of treatment . The fourth and fifth week , the value were 2.73 , 2.7 respectively did not give show any significant difference when compared with the negative control 3.2.

The result of chromosomal abnormality CA of mice stem cell possessed a high significant difference in the positive control 26.0 compared with the negative control 5.33, while in the interference between the extract and mutagen the result showed a decrease in the median of abnormality to both treatment (with) and (after)  14.0 ,14.0 respectively and in a significant differences to the positive control , while the treatment ( before) did not posses any significant difference  compared with positive control. Also the results of median chromosomal abnormality  of the interference treatment (with) to five weeks showed  a decrease in the median of CA  of first week to 14.66 compared with positive control at a significant differences 24.33 , while the second , third and fourth week the median CA was reached to 12.0 ,12.33   and 12.66 respectively and not posses any significant differences between each other or with median CA to the first week of treatment. also the fifth week of the treatment  did not posses any significant difference 9.0 compared with negative control.

Also the result of mice sperm abnormality which treated with MMC had shown an increase to 953.3 from1000 sperms compared with negative control 159.6, where the interference with the treatment (with) and (before) to decrease the median abnormality to 591.0 , 630.6 respectively with a significant difference compared with the positive control. While the interference treatment (before) did not posses any significant difference 883.0 compared with positive control. While the results of abnormality to continuous oral gavage to the interference treatment (with) showed that the samples of positive control were decreased to 913.7 compared with negative control 159.7 this led to decrease the median abnormality of the first week of treatment (with) to 585, where the second , third and fourth week the median abnormality was reached to 420.3 , 402.3 , 360.7 respectively and not posses any significant difference  when compared between each other or with median abnormality of first week treatment , while the fifth week did not possessed any significant difference 173.3 compared with negative control.

• Finally the test of changing in pathological tissue, the results of microscopically examination of liver tissue mice which treated with mutagen showed necrosis , infiltration , lesion in liver cells and tissue hemorrhage , while the results of interference treatment (with) for five weeks was possessed a good improvement without any pathological tissue changing.