دراسة تأثير عقار الديكساميثازون على نسيج القلب والأوعية الدموية وبعض المعايير الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والدور الوقائي لفيتامين B12)) في ذكور الأرانب البالغة

Studying the effect of dexamethasone on the heart and blood vessels. and the protective role of vitamin B12 in adult male rabbits.

This study was conducted to find out the side effects of dexamethasone on the heart and blood vessels in addition to the protective role of vitamin B12 as an effective antioxidant and to reduce the side effects of the drug. The transaction period was from (1/1/2023) to (30/1/2023) for a period of four weeks. We used (24) animals from domestic male rabbits obtained from local markets and ranging in age (8-6) months and weighing (3000-2500) G) and randomly distributed the animals to (4) groups and each group (6) animals. The first group (G1) is the control group (control) who was given the bush with water only, the second group (G2) was injected with dexamethasone (0.4 mg / kg), the third group (G3) was injected with dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg) with vitamin B12 (20mg/kg), and the fourth group(G4) was injected with vitamin B12 only (20 mg/kg). Blood samples were taken at the end of the experiment to study biochemical parameters, which included the study of total cholesterol concentration (TC Total Cholesterol, triglycerides(TG Triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL) High density Lipoprotein, low density lipoproteins(LDL Low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL Very low density lipoprotein, concentration level of malonaldehyde (MDA), concentration level of Clotathione(GSH), measurement of cardiac troponin troponin concentration- I, measuring the concentration of calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and Chlorin, in addition to measuring the electrical waves of the heart, measuring the concentration of the hormones cortisol and insulin, and after the sacrifice of animals, the histological sections of the heart and aorta were taken and kept in a solution of formalin(% 10), the samples were subjected to histological technique and the histological sections were stained with the color of hemotoxin-eosin.
The results of the study showed a significant increase (P<0.05 in the concentration of (TC), (TG, (LDL, (VLDL)) and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentration of (HDL), as well as a significant increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of (MDA) and a significant decrease in the concentration of (GSH) were observed in the treatment group with the drug(G2) compared with the control،
The study also showed that the use of the drug with vitamin G3 led to a significant decrease (p<0.05 in the concentration of (TC), (TG), (LDL), (VLDL) and an increase in the concentration of (HDL) but did not reach the moral limit compared to the group (G2), a significant increase (P<0.05 in the concentration of (GSH) and a decrease in the concentration of (MDA but did not reach the moral limit compared to the group (G2). The results of the study showed a significant decrease in the concentration of calcium, magnesium and chlorine (p< 0.05 in the blood serum of the group treated with the drug(G2) compared with the control group, on the other hand, there was an increase in the concentration of sodium and potassium, but it did not reach the moral limit(P<0.05 for the group treated with the drug out of control, and the treatment with the drug and vitamin (B12) led to a significant increase(p<0.05 in the concentration of magnesium).
As for the concentration of the hormones cortisol and insulin, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of cortisol and a significant decrease in the concentration of insulin in the group treated with the drug(G2) compared to the control, as well as there was a significant increase (P<0.05 in the concentration of troponin(Troponin – I) in the group (G2) compared to the control, and the use of the drug with vitamin B12 (G3) led to a significant decrease (P<0.05 in the concentration of cortisol and the concentration of insulin, however, did not reach a significant limit, and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the concentration of troponin in comparison with the group(G2). As for the changes in the electrocardiogram, the results showed Bradycardia slowing of the heartbeat in the G2 group by increasing the distance for the R-R period and the length of the interval for ventricular systole and diastole (QT), while the drug and vitamin G3 treatment group showed the normal rhythm of the Cardiogram. The results of the current study for histological sections taken from the heart and aorta of a group of male rabbits treated with dexamethasone (G2) showed Tunica Interna necrosis with the presence of explosiveness, Tunica medialis irregularity and smooth muscle fiber necrosis of the artery wall compared with the control group، As for the histological changes in the aorta of the group of male rabbits injected with dexamethasone and vitamin (B12) (G3), where reversible changes were observed in the Tunica Interna represented by normal cellular
structure, slight changes in the Tunica medialis with arranged elastic fibers and slight necrosis in smooth muscles compared to the second group, the histological sections of the group injected with vitamin(G4) also showed slight changes in the Tunica Interna closer to normal and the Tunica medialis appears normal with regular elastic fibers, as for the results of the histological study of the heart showed a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, hypertrophy of cardiac muscle cells, with the presence of The G2 group showed necrosis compared to the control group, and the G3 group showed a normal size of cardiac muscle cells compared to G2.
In conclusion, it was concluded that treatment with dexamethasone B (0.4 mg/kg) for a long time leads to negative side effects on the heart and blood vessels, as well as the protective role of vitamin B12, being an effective antioxidant and reducing the side effects caused by this steroid drug.