دراسة تشريحية ونسيجية مقارنة لبعض مكونات الجهاز الهضمي في الخضيري العراقي من بيئات مختلفة

A comparative anatomical and histological study of some components of the digestive system in Iraqi Al-Khudairi from different environments

Abstract

The current study was conducted in the governorates of Basra and Holy Karbala on the Iraqi green duck, Anas platyrhynchos, which belongs to the Anatide family, to compare the phenotypic and anatomical description of the digestive tract, the histological structure of the gizzard and small intestine, and aspects related to the body condition result. In order to conduct a comparative study on some elements connected to the outcome of body condition, such as measuring total body length, And the length of the wing, the length of the head, the length of the keel, the length of the wrist, the length of the right thigh, the circumference of the right thigh, the circumference of the chest, and its relationship to weight rate, as well as the thickness ratios of the Tunica Mucous, Tunica Submucosal, Tunica Muscularis, and Tunica Adventitia layers, as well as the thickness ratios of the tunica serosa The small intestine layers are determined by measuring the length by breadth of the villus space, the depth of the crypts, and the number of goblet cells, as well as determining the chemical composition of the gizzard and small intestine by estimating: Fat, protein, Moisture, and Ash content, as well as calorie figures for gizzard and intestinal protein and fat content. This study used (20) duck samples from local markets in the Basra and Holy Karbala governorates from the beginning of November to the end of January 2022.
According to the findings of the anatomical study, the digestive canal in Al-Khudairi consists of: the mouth, which begins with the bony beak and is distinguished by the presence of internal plates on its sides and a small protrusion on the upper side that resembles an oval shape, then the esophagus, then the stomach, which consists of a tubular-shaped glandular stomach, and the gizzard, which has the shape of a conve, It is connected to the small intestine, which is the longest part of the digestive canal in the form of a long, coiled tube consisting of the duodenum, which is shaped like the letter U, and the pancreas is located between its arms and its ducts open in it, then the jejunum and ileum, which are similar, arranged in large rings in the shape of the letter U, and finally the large intestine, which is made up of two sacs. Two cecums and the digestive canal terminate at the complex, which serves as a link between the digestive and genitourinary systems.
The current study found that the histological structure of the wall of the vegetal alimentary canal in both the gizzard and the small intestine is made up of four basic layers: Tunica Mucosa, Tunica Submucosae, Tunica Muscularis, and Tunica adventitia. The presence of villi in the small intestine was discovered.
The current study found that khudairi had a significant rise (p0.05) in body weight rates, whole body length, head length, chest circumference, keel length, right thigh circumference, wing chord length, and leg length, but no significant variations in thigh length. In Basra governorate, Al-Khudairi is larger than in Karbala governorate.
The current study found a significant increase (p0.05) of Al-Khudairi in the chemical content of the gizzard and intestines in Basra governorate compared to Karbala governorate, but no significant difference in the ash rate of the gizzard between the two governorates.
The current study found a substantial increase (p0.05) in the rates of calories from protein and fat in Al-Khudairi’s gizzard and intestines in Basra governorate compared to Karbala governorate.
The current study found a significant increase (p0.05) in the rates of tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa, as well as a significant increase (p0.05) in the rates of length of villi, width of villi, depth of villi, thickness of crypts, and the number of goblet cells in the intestine. Al-Khudayri’s Tunica Muscularis and Tunica Adventitia in Basra governorate vs Karbala governorate.