دراسة جنينية مناعية لتأثير عقار الايبوبروفين المحمل على المركب النانوي الأخضر في إناث الجرذان البيض الحوامل

An immuno-fetal study of the effect of ibuprofen loaded with green nanocomposite in pregnant female albino rats

The current study aimed to prepare and characterize the green nanocomposite from the leaves of the Moringa oleifera plant, improve its biological effectiveness, and evaluate its biological effectiveness before and after loading the drug ibuprofen into pregnant female rats and implanting their embryos.
This study was conducted in the laboratories of the College of Education for Pure Sciences / University of Karbala, and took place during the period from October 2022 to February 2023. 70 white rats were used, including ten males for pregnancy only and 60 female rats, and they were divided into six groups that included each A group of ten pregnant females. The first group (G1) was the control group, dosed with physiological saline solution. The second group (G2) was dosed orally with ibuprofen at a concentration of 166 mg/kg of body weight. The third group (G3) was dosed orally with the aqueous extract of moringa leaves. Oleifera at a concentration of 300 mg/kg of body weight. The fourth group (G4) was dosed orally with the nanocomposite at a concentration of 150 mg/kg of body weight. The fifth group (G5) was dosed orally with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves loaded with ibuprofen at a concentration of (300+166). Milligrams/kg of body weight. The sixth group (G6) was dosed orally with the nanocomposite loaded with ibuprofen at a concentration of (150 + 166) milligrams/kg of body weight. The animals in all treated groups were dosed twice a day from the beginning of pregnancy until they were sacrificed at the end of the experiment.
Each group was divided into two secondary groups, each of which included five pregnant females. On the seventh day of pregnancy, the first secondary group was sacrificed to study the implantation sites, while the second secondary group was sacrificed on the 18th day of pregnancy to study the effect of treatments on the embryos. Blood from pregnant females on the day of sacrifice, for all treatments, and during the two stages of pregnancy (18 and 7) days respectively, noting that the duration of pregnancy in rats is (21) days.
The results of the study showed that there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in all treated groups and blood parameters (number of white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin Hb, percentage of lymphocytes (Lym), except for the second group (G2), in which there was a significant decrease (P<0.05). In the percentage of Lymphocytes compared with the control group.
In the current study, the results of sections stained with hemotoxylin-eosin from the implantation sites of the female rats of the control group and the treated groups on the seventh day of pregnancy showed results similar to what is found in a natural pregnancy with implantation and the formation of shed tissue in the uterine lining first in the anti-mesenteric region, which is a sign of success. Implantation occurs at a time when the deciduous tissue is at its highest level of development and progress.
The results of the current study showed that the average number of fetuses was 8-9 in all groups except (G4, G6), in which there was a decrease in the number of fetuses, while there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of destroyed fetuses in pregnant rats in the two groups (G5, G6).
A number of phenotypic abnormalities appeared in rat fetuses at 18 days of gestation in groups (G4, G5, and G6), which were represented by shortened forelimbs, a lowered arm, swelling in the upper part of the head, a curvature of the head toward the chest, a shortened nostril, absent eyelids, and wrinkling. Skin, as well as bleeding in the head and under the skin.
The immunological results indicated a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-17 in all treated groups during the two periods of pregnancy (7 and 18 days), except for the second group (G2) on day 18 of pregnancy, in which A significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in the level of the cytokine IL-17, while a significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in the level of IL-6 in the two groups (G5, G6) on the seventh day of pregnancy compared with the second group (G2) on the 18th day of pregnancy, in While there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of IL-17 concentration for the two groups (G5, G6) on the seventh day of pregnancy compared with the second group (G2) on the 18th day of pregnancy.
The results of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) showed that the loading process gave indications of the success of this process through the presence of changes on the surface of the nanocomposites loaded with the drug, and that all of these changes were within the nanoscale sizes and dimensions, which are consistent with the results of the infrared spectrum.(FT-IR)Fourier transform infrared technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the Moringa nanocomposite AgNPs revealed homogeneity in the distribution of the particles and most of the shapes of the particles are spherical.
We conclude from the study that treatment with the nanocomposite for seven days loaded with the drug gave results similar to the effect of the drug in inhibiting inflammation for a period of 18 days, which reduced the time and dose concentration without predominance of the groups and a clear effect on implantation in the uterine horns on the seventh day of pregnancy and in embryos at the age of 18 days of pregnancy In pregnant female rats after loading the drug onto the green nanocomposite