دراسة خلويه وراثية لتأثير عقار الازثرومايسين على المعايير الفسلجية والنسجية والدور الوقائي لفيتامين C في ذكور الجرذان (Rattus Norvegicus)

cytogenetic study of azithromycin effect on physiological and histological parameters and the protective role of vitamin C in male Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Abstract

This study was conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory – Department of Life Sciences – College of Education for Pure Sciences – University of Karbala from October 13, 2020 to May 15, 2021, the current study aimed to know the mutagenic activity of Azithromycin and the protective role of vitamin C in male albino rats by studying some Variables in genetic, biochemical and histological parameters, 25 white male rats were used and divided randomly into five groups. The first group was considered the control group, where it was given physiological salt (Normal Saline), and it was administered orally, while the second and third groups were given a dose (15-30mg/kg) on the Azithromycin was taken orally on the first day of the experiment and for a period of 14 days, as they were returned from the treatment groups – the fourth group was orally dosed with vitamin C at a concentration of (100 mg/kg) and Azithromycin at a dose of (15 mg/kg), and the fifth group was dosed orally with vitamin C at a concentration of (100 mg) /kg) and Azithromycin at a dose of (30mg/kg) of body weight, respectively, for 14 days, which were considered as protection groups. Blood samples were collected from the five groups after 14 days of the experiment to measure the following parameters: DNA breakage, chromosomal abnormalities, level of catalase, glutathione, sodium ions (Na+), potassium (K+), liver enzymes (ALT-AST-ALP) and urea levels. And the level of creatinine, as well as the evaluation of histological changes in the liver and kidneys, and we obtained the following results:
Azithromycin caused a significant increase (P ˂ 0.05) in the percentage of DNA breakage in the third group G3 compared with the control group, while the second groups G2, the fourth G4 and the fifth G5 showed no significant differences (P<0.05) in the percentage of high DNA breakage compared with the control group. control group. Azithromycin also caused a significant (P ˂ 0.05) increase in the percentage of total chromosomal abnormalities in the second treatment groups G2 and third G3 compared with the control group. As for the
II
fourth and fifth prevention groups G4 and G5, there were no significant differences (P<0.05) in the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities. college compared with the control group.
Azithromycin caused a significant decrease (P˂ 0.05) in the level of CAT catalase and GSH glutathione in the second treatment groups G2 and the third G3 compared with the control group. As for the protective groups, the results of the study for the level of GSH and CAT showed no significant differences (P<0.05) in the groups. fourth and fifth compared with the control group. Azithromycin also caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the mean sodium level in the second and third treatment groups compared with the control group. As for the fourth and fifth prevention groups, it was found that there were no significant differences (P<0.05) in the sodium rate compared with the control group. While the results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the potassium rate of the therapeutic and preventive groups compared with the control group, and it also led to a significant (P<0.05) increase in the AST level in the second and third treatment groups that were given the drug compared to the control group. As for the fourth and fifth prevention groups, there were no significant differences (P 0.05) in the mean AST level that were given compared with the control group. While the results showed that there were no significant differences (P 0.05) in the level of ALT and ALP in the second treatment group compared with the control group, while they increased significantly (P<0.05) in the third treatment group compared with the control group. The fourth and fifth prevention groups also showed no significant differences (P 0.05) in the level of ALT and ALP compared with the control group. It was also caused by a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of urea and creatinine in the second and third treatment groups compared with The control group As for the prevention groups, the results indicated that there were no significant differences (P 0.05) in the level of urea and creatinine for the fourth group compared with the control
III
group, while the cause of a significant increase (P<.0.05) in the level of urea and creatinine in the fifth group compared with the control group. .
Azithromycin caused histological changes to the liver in the second and third groups compared to the control group, such as central vein congestion, hepatocyte necrosis, nuclei constriction, sinusoidal dilatation, and the presence of inflammatory cells, while the fourth and fifth protective groups showed central vein congestion with regularity of part of the hepatic cords and the presence of sinusoids with the presence of cells Chronic inflammatory compared with the control group. Azithromycin also caused changes in the kidney tissue in the second and third treatment groups from atrophy in the volume of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule and the destruction of the walls of the proximal urinary tubule and the distal urinary tubule and a significant increase in the size of Bowman’s space and vascular congestion compared with the control group. As for the third and fourth protective groups, atrophy in the size of some glomeruli and Bowman’s capsule, destruction of the walls of the proximal urinary tubule and the distal urinary tubule, an increase in the size of Bowman’s space, and damage to the kidney tissue compared with the control group.
From the foregoing, we conclude that Azithromycin caused DNA damage and chromosome abnormalities, as well as changes in the biochemical and histological parameters of the liver and kidneys. The administration of vitamin C reversed the side effects of the drug. The study proved this result for the first time in Iraq, as it studied the changes in DNA and chromosomal abnormalities as well as the parameters. Biochemistry as a result of drug administration.