دراسة فسلجية و نسجية مقارنة للكلى بين نوعين من الفقريات القنفذ ( Hemiechinus auritus)وطائر السمان (Coturnix coturnix)

(comparative Physiological and Histological Study of the Kidney in Two Vertebrates Species (Hemiechinus auritus) and (Coturnix coturnix

The current study aimed to investigate the morphological description and histological structure of kidney for two vertebrate species which inhabit Iraqi environment, these species are the hedgehog Hemiechinus  auritus and the bird Coturnix coturnix, as well as study some physiological parametars kidney associated which represented by blood urea, blood creatinine and blood electrolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium).

 The physiological results show that the average blood urea for the hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus (79.60±10.66 mg/dl) is higher than that for Coturnix coturnix (15.20±0.66 mg/dl), it has been noticed there is a significant difference between two averages at level (P≤0.05), as well as it show the average blood creatinine for Hemiechinus auritus (79.60±10.66 mg/dl) is higher than that for Coturnix coturnix (15.20±0.66 mg/dl), it has been found a significant difference between two averages at level (P≤0.05). With regard to blood electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium) it has been appeared that the average of sodium concentration in the hedgehog is equal to (151.50±1.61mmol/l) and it is higher than for the bird, which equals to (143.90 ± 1.11 mmol / l ) the two averages showed a significant difference at level      (P ≤0.05), while the average of potassium concentration in the hedgehog was (5.84 ± 0.15mmol / l) and it is higher than for the bird which equals to (4.25±0.28mmol/l), the two averages showed a significant difference at level (P≤0.05), with respect to the average of calcium concentration for the hedgehog was (1.13±0.06 mmol/l) while for the bird was (1.02±0.09 mmol/l) with a note that there is not  a significant difference between two averages at level (P≤0.05).

 The comparative anatomical study results show that the kidney of  hedgehog is a small rigid structure looks like a bean and it is surrounded by a thin transparent capsule of connective tissue, it has a brown color to ruby red, it located in the front half of the physical cavity beneath the diaphragm and beside the spine, the left kidney takes a tail site with respect to the right kidney, it has been noticed there is  an extrusive significant correlation between the kidney weight and the body weight which equals to (0.95), and between the kidney length and the body weight which equals to (0.96) at a significant level (P≤0.05). The macroscopic examination showed that the kidney of the quail bird is a large brittle longitudinal structure, takes a symmetrically position On either side of the spine within the low bone is called  the renal hole in the fused sacral region of the physical cavity, the kidney is lobed of three cloves, contains cranial lobe which is the biggest lobes, the middle lobe which is a narrow elongated, and the caudal lobe which is smaller than the previous lobes, the kidney is surrounded by a thin capsule of connective tissue , and it has dark red to dark brown color, it has been found an extrusive significant correlation between the kidney weight and the body weight which equals to (0.69), and between the kidney length and the body weight which equals to (0.63) at a significant level (P≤0.05).

The results of histological study showed that kidney tissue in both studied animals the Hedgehog and the bird quail, is distinguished into two region the cortex and medulla, in general the cortex tissue occupies a large area from kidney tissue in comparison with the medulla tissue, with a significant difference at level (P≤0.05) in the thickness of cortex when the comparison between the two species under study. The results show that the cortex tissue in both species contain glomeruli which are more intensity in the peripheral areas of the tissue with respect to nearby areas of medulla with a tubule urinary clips that include proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, as well as the characterization the cortex tissue in the quail bird to many lobules bounded  by intermediate lobar veins, as for the medulla area contains parts of the descending piece and the ascending of Henle’s loop as well as parts of the collecter tubules, which form radial structures known as the medulla rays with a note that there is a significant difference in the average thickness of the medula when the comparison between the two species at a level (P≤0.05).

The histological examination showed the renal unit in both animals under study, it consists of a glomerulus which are surrounded by a Bowman’s capsule and which relate in its near part with the proximal convoluted tubule  which is linked to Henle’s loop, the latter is characterized by a thin piece and other thick, which connects with last part of the tubule which represented the distal convoluted tubule that connects to the collector tubule .

The results of the current study showed that the proximal tubule and distal in two species under study are padded with epithelial tissue cuboid simple its  cells based on the basement membrane with the brush border in the proximal tubule and it does not exists in the distal tubule with a note that there is a significant difference at a level (P≤0.05) in the outer diameter average of tubules when comparing the two species, Henle’s loop characterizes that the thin piece of which is padded with simple squamous epithelial tissue while  the thick piece is lined with simple epithelial cuboid tissue in the Hedgehog, while in the quail bird the thin piece is lined with simple epithelial cuboid tissue as well as the thick piece is lined with same tissue, the collector tubules appear as lined with epithelial- cuboid simple tissue, and it is similar  to the collector channels in  Hedgehog while the collector tubules are lined with simple epithelial cuboid tissue, whereas the collector channels are lined with vertical epithelial tissue in quail bird, note with different diameters of thin and thick pieces Henle’s loop and the outside diameter of the collector tubules at level (P≤0.05) when comparing the two species under study.