دراسة مظهرية وجزيئية لبعض الفطريات المرافقة للاسمدة العضوية للمواشي وتقييم كفاءتها في انتاج بعض الانزيمات

Phenotypic and molecular study of some fungi accompanying livestock organic fertilizer and assessment of their efficiency in the production of certain enzymes

Abstract

This study aimed at identifying fungi accompanying organic fertilizer of livestock in four areas within the borders of the Holy Province of Karbala, representing from Hy- Nasir, Hy-Al-Hur and Hy- Al-Tahaddi, and the Farms of the Holy Imam Hussein Shrine.
Isolation results showed 110 fungal isolation of which 33 different isolations were selected, Aspergillus fumigatus recorded the highest frequency of 13.63% followed by Aspergillus niger and 9.09% followed by both, Penicillium oxalicum, Penicillium brefeldianum, Cephaliophora sp with a frequency of 5.45% 4.54, 4.54% respectively, while the A. niger recorded an appearance of 31.2% and A. fumigatus. 46.8% and P. brefeldianum gave an appearance of 15.6% and P. oxalicum at 18.7% and Cephaliophora sp. a 15.6% appearance while the recorded the lowest appearance in 3.1%.
A.niger showed high efficiency in the production of cellulase enzyme where the diameter of the transparent halo around the colony reached 20.94 mm followed by sp. Aspergillus by 16.43 mm ,then A. fumigatus 4.The diameter of the transparent halo reached 14.68 mm while the fungus recorded Penicillium sp 2.8 h.8m respectively.
Fungi A. niger, A. fumigatus 2, A. fumigatus1 demonstrated a high ability to produce protease enzyme and a transparent halo diameter greater than 15 mm. P. brefeldianum mushroom was productive in the production of amylase enzyme with diameter of 34.31 mm followed by type P. oxalicum with halo diameter of 26.22 mm followed by Cephaliophora sp. with halo diameter of 24.89 mm. The fungi were superior to A. niger A. fumigatus3, A. fumigatus 5, on the rest of the fungi in the production of the lippies enzyme.
The fungi was visually diagnosed using certified classification switches, 10 molecular fungi were diagnosed using the polymerization chain reaction technique. (Polymerase chain reaction, PCR), represented by A.niger 1, P.brefeldianum, A. fumigatus 1, A. fumigatus2, A.fumigatus 3, Cephaliophora sp., A.fumigatus 4 were recorded in National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI).
The fungal extract of the fungus A. niger when concentrating (100μl) recorded the highest inhibition of bacteria (E. coli) was 8mm. While the concentration (75μl) gave a disincentive of 12mm as compared to the control factor, the two concentrations were not recorded (25μl and 50μl) any inhibition, and on the other hand, the fungal extract of the fungus A. niger did not affect the inhibition of the growth of (Staphylococcus aurus )bacteria, among the fungal extract of the fungus A. fumigatus4 in focus (100μl) The highest inhibition of the bacteria (E. coli) amounted to 8 mm of fiber given concentration (75μl) 5mm inhibition compared to the control factor. On the other hand, the concentrations 25μl and 50μl no inhibition, the fungal extract of the same against the bacteria (Staphylococcus aurus) recorded no inhibition ratio, the result of the fungal extract of the fungus A. fumigatus5 in focus (100μl) The highest inhibition of (E. coli) bacteria amounted to 9mm, while the concentration (75μl) was given 7mm inhibition compared to the control factor. On the other hand, the concentrations 25μl and 50μl no inhibition, recorded the fungal extract of the same mushrooms against the bacteria (Staphylococcus aurus) when concentrating (100μl) An 8mm inhibition while the concentration (75μl) gave a 6 mm inhibition as compared to the treatment of control. On the other hand, the two concentrations (25μl and 50μl) did not record any inhibition.