دراسة نسيجية وكيميوحيوية للدور الوقائي لهرمون Dehydroepiendesteron في كبح تصلب الشرايين Atherosclerosis المستحث من إعطاء الكولسترول في إناث لأرانب البالغة

Histological and biochemical study of the protective role of Dehydroepiendesteron in suppressing cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in adult female rabbits

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the histological and immunopathological changes resulting from feeding experimental animals on a high-cholesterol diet and then treating them with the hormone (Dehydroepiendesteron) (DHEA) on induced atherosclerosis and to know its effect on the heart, blood vessels and liver. The treatment period was six weeks, and (20) local adult female animals were used, aged between (8-9) months in December and weighing (1500-2000) grams. They were divided into four groups, (5/group) for a period of six weeks. The first group (G1) was the control group that was given water with the regular food, the second group ((G2 was given cholesterol 1.5) g/per 100 g of food) and the third group (G3) was given cholesterol (1.5 g/per 100 g of food) with the hormone (2 g/kg) and the fourth group was given the hormone only (2 g/kg). ), and blood samples were taken at the end of the experiment to study the biochemical parameters, which included studying the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) enzyme concentration, Dehydroepiendesteron (DHEA), estrogen (Estrogen) and progesterone (Progesterone) hormones, and performing the IHC technique for the estrogen receptor (ER) on cardiac muscle cells. The results of the current study were as follows: –

There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL, and a significant decrease in the concentration of HDL and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of (MDA) and a significant decrease in the concentration of GSH in the cholesterol-treated group G2 compared to the control group.

The study also showed that the use of cholesterol with the hormone G3 led to a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the concentration of TG, LDL, and VLDL, and an increase in the concentration of HDL, compared to the G2 group, and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of GSH, and a significant decrease in the concentration of MDA compared to the G2 group, and an increase in the concentration of estrogen, progesterone, and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of the nitric oxide enzyme rate in the G3 treatment group compared to the control group. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the G2 treatment group for For the control group.

While the G4 group that was dosed with the hormone only showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the concentration of the hormone Dehydroepiendesteron (DHEA) in the G3 treatment group and the G4 hormone treatment group compared to the control group.

The results of the current study in the tissue sections taken from the aorta, liver and heart of the group of female rabbits treated with cholesterol G2 showed the results of the artery, irregularity of the inner lining, infiltration of inflammatory cells, tissue congestion, accumulation of fat, and the appearance of fatty threads. As for G3, a small accumulation of fat cells was observed, and the inner elastic membrane of the artery was clear, and no inflammation or congestion of the tissue was observed, and the artery wall was thicker, and the inner lining was irregular. In the group G4, the artery layers were clear and no clear tissue changes were observed closer to normal. In the liver, expansion of the blood sinusoids, congestion around the central vein, fatty degeneration, and the appearance of fat droplets were observed, compared to the control group. As for the group G3, slight congestion was observed around the central vein, slight fatty degeneration within the tissue, expansion of the blood sinusoids, and the appearance of Kuffer cells. As for the group G4, slight congestion was observed around the central vein. , compared to the control group.

In the heart of G2, blood vessel congestion, foam cells, and cholesterol deposition were observed.
In the G3 group, slight infiltration of inflammatory cells and slight fatty deposits with fibrosis were observed. As for G4, slight infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrosis were observed, compared to the control group.

As for the results of immunohistochemical expression, they did not show high expression of estrogen receptor in the cholesterol-exposed groups G2 compared to the control groups, and a significant increase appeared in the groups treated with parasteron hormone (DHEA) G3 and G4 compared to the other group